The gut microbiome is a key modulator of immunotherapy efficacy. This Review discusses clinical advances in microbiome profiling, recent trials of microbiome-based interventions and the challenges of translating these findings into the clinic. Future directions for optimizing microbiome-targeted therapies in oncology are outlined, including safety, efficacy and patient stratification.
- Arielle Elkrief
- Reilly Pidgeon
- Bertrand Routy
