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Encoding quantum information in qudits instead of qubits allows for several advantages, but scalable native entangling techniques would be needed. Here, the authors show how to use light-shift gates to perform entangling operations on trapped ion systems, with a calibration overhead which is independent on the qudit dimension.

Islands and mountaintops are often considered evolutionary dead ends. Using whole genomic data of 18 bird species and demographic models, the authors show that populations become isolated at high elevations, but disjunct montane populations maintain gene flow and thus the capacity for further colonisation.

Liver neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) without clinically known primary tumor are often classified as primary hepatic NEN. Here, the authors build a classifier accurately predicting the origin sites for NEN based on DNA methylation patterns and show that hepatic NEN with unknown primary tumor are predicted to display a non-hepatic origin.

Among the diverse organosilicon compounds, Si-stereogenic silanes have recently demonstrated promising biological activities but only few protocols for the preparation of organosilicon compounds possessing a Si-stereogenic center exist in the literature. Here the authors show that a strong and confined Brønsted acid catalyzed enantioselective cyclization of bis(methallyl)silanes and provides enantioenriched Si-stereogenic silacycles.

Lesions of dorsomedial, but not dorsolateral, striatum are associated with working memory impairments. Here, the authors investigate the role of a projection from medial prefrontal cortex to dorsomedial striatum in the maintenance of information during a working memory task in mice.

A synthetic nanocarrier based on DNA origami chassis offers control over valency, orientation and spatial arrangement of antibodies for simultaneously engaging immune signalling pathways, checkpoint inhibition and targeted co-stimulation in anticancer immunotherapy in vivo.

In quantum information technology the output of one element often does not match the required frequency and bandwidth of the input of the next element. Here, Allgaieret al. demonstrate simultaneous frequency and bandwidth conversion of single photons without changing their quantum statistics.

Asymmetric cyanosilyation is a powerful method to convert carbonyls to chiral, configurationally stable cyanohydrins. Here, the authors report a catalyst capable of carrying out this reaction on large scales with extremely low catalyst loading, and also identify and explain a dormant period in the cycle.

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate can be used as an alternative carbon source by T cells to maintain their function during severe respiratory viral infections, including infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Izar and colleagues demonstrate that loss of Pip4k2c in melanoma cells promotes liver metastatic tropism driven by PI3K-AKT pathway activation in the insulin-rich liver milieu, which can be abrogated by inhibition of SGLT2 or a ketogenic diet.

Investigation of a reaction scope usually starts with the optimization for a model substrate. Here, the authors apply a time-efficient multi-substrate screening approach to identify a general organocatalyst for the Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.

An organocatalytic cascade reaction allows the rapid construction of (+)-ricciocarpin A, which exhibits potent molluscicidal activity against the water snails Biomphalaria glabrata. The concise synthesis also allowed the synthesis of five analogues, one of which was shown to have significantly improved biological activity.

Non-basaltic volcanism is rare on the Moon and has been found predominantly on the lunar nearside. Analysis of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images and spectral data reveal the presence of compositionally evolved, non-basaltic volcanism on the lunar farside.

Here, Heitmann et al. report results from a Phase I/II trial evaluating CoVac-1, a peptide-based T-cell activator, in patients with B-cell deficiency, demonstrating potent induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses along with a favorable safety profile.

Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters both at rest and when stimulated. Wilhelm et al. use a variety of assays to show that the same vesicles participate in both active and spontaneous release.

The Omicron variant evades vaccine-induced neutralization but also fails to form syncytia, shows reduced replication in human lung cells and preferentially uses a TMPRSS2-independent cell entry pathway, which may contribute to enhanced replication in cells of the upper airway. Altered fusion and cell entry characteristics are linked to distinct regions of the Omicron spike protein.

Uhthoff's phenomena are transient disturbances in neurological functioning that can be triggered by an increase in core body temperature in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this article, Frohman et al. discuss the pathophysiological underpinnings of Uhthoff's phenomena, and highlight the importance of differentiating between these events and true MS exacerbations in the clinic.

Efficient nanoparticle delivery into tumours has been a challenge in the field. It is now shown that the efficiency can be improved substantially when the dose breaches a specific threshold.

A large nuclear spin has been successfully placed in a Schrödinger cat state, a superposition of its two most widely separated spin coherent states. This can be used as an error-correctable qubit.

A study generates a clinicogenomics dataset resource, MSK-CHORD, that combines natural language processing-derived clinical annotations with patient medical data from various sources to improve models of cancer outcome.

Chiral scaffolds are essential to the advancement of asymmetric synthesis, yet the development of new, privileged motifs that more effectively communicate asymmetry constitutes a challenge. Here the authors report the synthesis of enantiopure indole-based axially spirocyclic scaffolds, and their application as organocatalysts or ligands in asymmetric reactions.

Cancer is often associated with mutant transcription factors (TFs) but their functional characterization is challenging. Here, the authors describe a recurrent mutation within TF IRF4 in human lymphomas and they show how it causes a complex switch in TF specificity and functionality.

Behaviour change interventions that are unsuccessful may often be limited by structural constraints. Accumulating evidence across contexts helps to diagnose these barriers. Policymakers should combine structural and behavioural insights to enact systemic reforms to better address environmental and societal challenges.

Proteome activity has a major role in cancer progression and response to drugs. Here, the authors use comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic data, in conjunction with drug-sensitivity screens, to generate a community resource consisting of landscapes of pathway and kinase activity across different cell lines

SNAIL promotes tumour metastasis through inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here the authors report that SNAIL bypasses senescence and regulates cell cycle progression to promote pancreatic carcinogenesis and this is independent of EMT induction.

A new, highest-precision analytical result for solving the gravitational two-body problem of black hole or neutron star scattering reveals the emergence of Calabi–Yau manifolds in the solution to the radiated energy in these encounters.

Metastable states found in superconductors and charge density wave materials are of fundamental interest. Vodeb et al. study the domain wall dynamics in 1T-TaS₂ using scanning tunneling microscopy and a quantum annealer, finding that in both cases the dynamics is driven by spectrally similar noise.

γδ T cells are known to recognize phosphoantigen in the context of butyrophilins (BTN), yet the molecular rules underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that a distinct topology of B30.2 and IgV domains within BTN3A complexes promotes antigen sensing and that the juxtamembrane region controls BTN complex formation.

The dominant mechanism of nanoparticle entry into solid tumours has now been shown to be an active trans-endothelial pathway rather than the currently established passive transport via inter-endothelial gaps.

SETD1A, a histone H3K4 methyltransferase that promotes gene expression, is required for embryonic development. Here, the authors show that SETD1A regulates the expression of mitotic genes and that SETD1A suppression induces senescence.

Organocatalysts are useful in a wide range of useful transformations, including a carbon–carbon bond forming process known as the Mannich reaction. But these reactions always failed when the simplest possible substrate, acetaldehyde, was used. This paper has now filled this gap in the market by devising effective organocatalytic conditions for Mannich reactions with acetaldehyde, greatly expanding the chemical 'toolkit' of organic chemists.

The basement membrane stiffness is shown to be a more dominant determinant than pore size in regulating cancer cell invasion, metastasis formation and patient survival. This stiffness is now known to be affected by the ratio of netrin-4 to laminin, with more netrin-4 leading to softer basement membranes.

Here, the authors perform Faraday rotation spectroscopy around the excitonic transitions in hBN-encapsulated WSe₂ and MoSe₂ monolayers, and interlayer excitons in MoS₂ bilayers. They measure a large Verdet constant - 1.9 × 10⁷ deg T⁻¹cm⁻¹ for monolayers, and attribute it to the giant oscillator strength and high g-factor of the excitons.

Content-aware image restoration (CARE) uses deep learning to improve microscopy images. CARE bypasses the trade-offs between imaging speed, resolution, and maximal light exposure that limit fluorescence imaging to enable discovery.

The cellular sources of IL-9 in lung inflammation remain unknown. Stockinger and colleagues use an IL-9 reporter to show IL-9 production is restricted to innate lymphoid cells during papain-induced lung inflammation.

Netrins are secreted guidance factors that promote axon outgrowth and orientation during nervous system development. Here the authors present structural and biological evidence that netrin-4 is not a guidance cue per se, but rather functions to modulate laminin-laminin interactions.

The study performed on a large, heterogeneous and multisite sample of youth with anxiety disorders reveals that only modest classification performances can be realistically achieved with machine learning using neuroanatomical data.

A climate sensitive permafrost region (Yedoma domain) was found to contain globally relevant N stock of >40 Gt nitrogen, of which 4 to 16 Gt of the N could become available by thaw until 2100. This study increases the current estimates by nearly 50%.

Forced expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 in antigen-specific T cells enhanced the recognition and lysis of pancreatic cancer cells and the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic cancer.

DeepFinder is a deep learning-based tool for identifying macromolecules in cellular cryo-electron tomograms. DeepFinder performs with an accuracy comparable to expert-supervised ground truth annotations on multiple experimental datasets.

While CO₂ reduction proves an appealing means to convert greenhouse emissions to high-value products, there are few materials capable of such a conversion. Here, the authors demonstrate a liquid-metal electrocatalyst to convert CO₂ directly into solid carbon that can be used as capacitor electrodes.