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Understanding of the immune microenvironment in pediatric acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia is limited. By analyzing single-cell transcriptome, surface protein expression and immune repertoire data, the authors here identify non-malignant CD4^-CD8^- TCRαβ T cells that are present in a subset of patients with Rap1 signaling in leukemia cells and are associated with adverse clinical outcome in patients with low minimal residual disease.

A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

On mitotic exit, the nucleoporin MEL-28 binds to chromatin and seeds the formation of nuclear pore complexes. Here Yokoyama et al.show that upon mitotic entry, MEL-28 re-localizes to microtubules where it functions in assembling the mitotic spindle, revealing roles for MEL-28 throughout the cell cycle.

Genomic analysis uncovers global prevalence of three multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis lineages encoding rifampicin resistance and reduced susceptibility to glycopeptide antibiotics.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Here the authors present a SARS-CoV2 seroepidemiological observational study from a random, household-based study population in a small town in Germany, showing the effect of a super-spreading event on infection rate, severity, and potentially infection fatality rate.

In this work, the authors report that heparin oligosaccharides have a significant impact on the highly dynamic behaviour of netrin-1 by inducing hierarchical and distinct super assemblies leading to unique, yet unknown netrin-1 filament formation.

Single-molecule calibrated live microscopy and computational modelling have revealed that human nuclear pore complex assembly takes different pathways during the exit from mitosis and during nuclear growth in interphase.

Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus appeared in European hedgehogs in the pre-antibiotic era as a co-evolutionary adaptation to antibiotic-producing dermatophytes and have spread within the local hedgehog populations and between hedgehogs and secondary hosts.

HaloTag variants offer distinct brightness and fluorescence lifetimes compared with HaloTag7 when labeled with rhodamines. These variants were used for multiplexed imaging with a single fluorophore and to create lifetime-based cell cycle indicators.

Sleep disturbances are much more prevalent in the dialysis population than in the general population, and have a major effect on the vitality and general health of these patients. In this Review, Koch and colleagues discuss circadian sleep–wake rhythm disturbances in individuals with end-stage renal disease. The possible external and internal influences on sleep–wake rhythmicity in such patients—such as the effect of dialysis, medications, melatonin and biochemical parameters—are presented, and possible approaches for strengthening the synchronization of the circadian sleep–wake rhythm are explored.

Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause invasive infections that are difficult to treat due to multi-resistance to most clinically relevant drugs, including methicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin, and rifampicin. In this work, the authors use in vitro assays and a mouse infection model to explore cryptic susceptibility and development of resistance to penicillin/β-lactamase combinations.

Fluorescent proteins and HaloTag allow the flexible design of FRET-based biosensors with adjustable color using different fluorescent proteins or fluorophores and readout can be modified to fluorescence intensity, lifetime or bioluminescence.

Whether actin and associated molecules have roles in the nucleus is an active area of study. Here Shi et al. report a nuclear function of the actin-based motor myosin VI in protecting stalled replication forks from nuclease-mediated degradation.

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor. A biosensor for visualizing cytosolic and mitochondrial CoA in living cells was developed to address central questions concerning CoA homeostasis.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

The implementation of RNA viral transfection technology in multiple plant species allows transient expression or silencing of specific regulatory genes in various regulatory circuits to rapidly fine-tune multiple traits without modifying the genome.

It is difficult to develop suitable fluorescent probes for live-cell nanoscopy, but a general strategy is now reported that can transform regular fluorophores into fluorogenic probes with excellent cell permeability and low unspecific background signals. Using this approach, probes in a variety of colours were developed for different cellular targets and used for wash-free, multicolour, live-cell confocal and STED microscopy.

Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) are defined as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) confined to the CNS. Here, the authors complete whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq to characterize 51 PCNSLs, and find common mutations in immune pathways and upregulated TERT expression and find distinct pathway differences between DLBCL and other primary CNS lymphomas.

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

Systemic dissection of sexually dimorphic phenotypes in mice is lacking. Here, Karp and the International Mouse Phenotype Consortium show that approximately 10% of qualitative traits and 56% of quantitative traits in mice as measured in laboratory setting are sexually dimorphic.

Engineered nanobody allows reversible control of activity in cells through the binding of small molecules.

Quantitative live-cell imaging provides a dynamic protein atlas of mitosis.

Automated fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data acquisition and analysis allows high throughput analysis of protein dynamics in cells.

This study further characterizes the non-inbred Titan (also known as DU6) mouse line, which could be a useful model for obesity research.

A lesion symptom mapping and lesion network mapping study suggests that lesions in the left ventral thalamic nuclei, linked to thalamic aphasia, map onto a common left-hemispheric network, with Broca’s area showing the strongest associations.

Wever et al. explore the use of different types of patient-friendly material, including urine, for the detection of ovarian cancer by methylation and copy number analysis. Upon continued development, DNA-based testing in cervical scrapes and urine could aid ovarian cancer diagnosis.

This protocol describes how to estimate and spatially resolve the concentration and copy number of fluorescently tagged proteins in live cells using fluorescence imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS).

This protocol provides a detailed workflow describing how to insert fluorescent markers into all alleles of a gene of interest using CRISPR–Cas9 technology, as well as how to generate and validate homozygous fluorescent knock-in cell lines.