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This Perspective proposes the Population Neuroscience-Dementia Syndemics Framework and model to develop knowledge of how multiple factors may interact to perpetuate inequities in dementia, especially for women in low- and middle-income countries.

T cells are highly dynamic and their spatial and cellular interactions can influence their differentiation program. Groom and colleagues use three-dimensional spatial imaging to show that effector and stem-like memory cell fates are imposed within distinct lymph node regions.

Certain shorelines can be modeled with prediction accuracies comparable to satellite observations, according to benchmarking results using satellite-derived shoreline datasets for model calibration and evaluation.

ProteinGenerator simultaneously generates protein sequences and structures using sequence space diffusion.

The mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes rarely match the values predicted by theory owing to a combination of artefacts introduced during sample preparation and inadequate measurements. However, by avoiding chemical treatments and using high-resolution imaging, it is possible to obtain values of the mean fracture strength that exceed previous values by approximately a factor of three.

Time-reversal symmetry breaking has been recently observed in the normal state of kagome superconductors AV₃Sb₅. Here the authors show that this effect is significantly enhanced near the surface of RbV₃Sb₅ and occurs at temperatures higher than the onset of charge order, indicating its tunability under zero-field conditions.

Modelling of the evolution of atmospheric methane emissions from the 2022 Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks shows that the event emitted the largest recorded amount of methane from a single transient event.

The active zone is a brain signaling hub critical for synaptic information transfer and the encoding of behaviors. The authors identify Blobby as an assembly factor required for proper active zone nanoscale protein architecture and memory formation.

An investigation of muon spin relaxation shows time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order, intertwined with correlated superconductivity, due to orbital currents in the kagome superconductor KV₃Sb₅.

The authors perform parallel transcriptome sequencing, tRNA qPCR array, ribosome profiling and mass spectrometry across five stages of mouse neocortex development to model the dynamic transcriptome-to-proteome transition, discovering a critical prenatal window during which translational control is predominant.

Genome-wide studies of 1,916 plasma and urine metabolites from 5,023 participants of the German Chronic Kidney Disease study provide insights into systemic and kidney-specific enzymatic and transport processes.

Results of the phase 2 trial of CD19 CAR T cell therapy lisocabtagene maraleucel in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, most of whom were treated in a third-line or later setting, show encouraging objective response rates in these high-risk patients.

The authors have previously demonstrated the neutralising capacity of their nanoparticle vaccine, as well as showing protection of non-human primates from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 infection. In this work, they investigate the ability of their vaccine candidate to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and protect animals from other sarbecoviruses.

Recently, time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order was demonstrated in the AV₃Sb₅ (A = K, Rb, Cs) family of kagome superconductors. Here the authors extend this observation to the recently discovered kagome material ScV₆Sn₆ and discuss differences and similarities to other charge-ordered kagome lattices.

A pan-betacoronavirus vaccine will likely require the elicitation of antibodies against spike regions conserved across diverse coronaviruses. Here, authors computationally engineer and experimentally validate immunogens to elicit antibodies against two such spike regions.

The nature of the superconductivity in the kagome metals AV₃Sb₅ (A = K, Rb, Cs) remains under debate. Here, using muon spin spectroscopy, the authors find that the superconductivity in RbV₃Sb₅ and KV₃Sb₅ evolves from nodal to nodeless with increasing pressure and the superconducting state breaks time-reversal symmetry after suppression of the charge order.

Assessing brain aging heterogeneity in a cohort of 49,482 individuals from 11 studies, a generative model identifies five dominant patterns of brain atrophy, with specific associations with biomedical, lifestyle and genetic factors.

Multiple comorbidities are associated with higher plasma P-tau181 and P-tau217 levels, and affects their normal reference ranges and cutpoints.

Experiments on YBa₂Cu₃O_6.51 reveal more than one carrier pocket, and evidence is found for the existence of a much larger pocket of heavier mass carriers having a thermodynamically dominant role in this hole-doped superconductor.

Wild chimps in Bossou, Guinea, use stone tools to crack nuts. They show individual variation in how efficient they are, and some individuals are consistently more efficient than others.

Switching target protein accumulation and activity by portable conditional degrons is potentially useful for both basic research and bioengineering. Here the authors present a versatile system to tune protein levels in live animals and plants using a temperature-sensitive N-end rule degradation signal.

Structural characterization sheds mechanistic insights behind λN-dependent processive antitermination.

NKp46⁺ innate lymphoid cells are important for the control of gut microbes, but their development is unclear. Belz and colleagues show that they develop from lymphoid tissue–inducer cells in a Notch- and T-bet-dependent manner.

A multi-cohort genome-wide association study of tau PET, a brain imaging-based marker of Alzheimer’s disease, identifies a CYP1B1-RMDN2 locus as associated with higher tau and faster cognitive decline. These results suggest a new genetic contribution to cerebral tau and target for Alzheimer’s disease research.

Mcl-1 is an important survival factor for several hematopoietic lineages including B and T lymphocytes, but its role in the Natural Killer (NK) cells has not been previously tested. Here, the authors report that deletion of Mcl-1 in the NK cell lineage leads to the loss of NK cells from all tissues.

The canonical DNA methylation maintenance enzyme Dnmt1 displays global de novo methylation activity with greater targeting towards IAP transposons, which may contribute to their stable repression during early development.

The function of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3 cells) is still being determined. Vivier and colleagues describe the development of ILC3 subsets and show that NCR⁺ ILC3 cells are not needed to control infection with Citrobacter rodentium in the presence of an intact T cell compartment.

Pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes show characteristic deposition of the amyloid polypeptide IAPP. O'Neill and colleagues show that IAPP induces IL-1β production via the NLRP3 inflammasome, which leads to beta-cell destruction.

The inflammasome is normally activated by pathogens to induce tissue inflammation. Here the authors show that, in mouse experimental colitis models, Nlrp1 inflammasome sensor activates IL-18 to reduce beneficial colonic Clostridiales species, thereby decreasing microbial butyrate and its protective effects on colitis.

Salvadó et al. developed and validated a CSF-based staging model for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, which accurately reflects biomarker and clinical changes, enhancing diagnostic and prognostic assessments of participants for clinical setting and trials.

Unique biological, exposomal, economic and sociocultural factors shape resilience and brain health across the globe; this Review discusses underlying mechanisms of resilience, measurement approaches, operationalization and research gaps.

Peripheral ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination cross-react to the Omicron variant at higher levels than those induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Therriault et al. provide a framework for the individual-level interpretation of plasma biomarkers by determining their positive and negative predictive values for amyloid positron emission tomography status in relation to patient age and clinical symptoms.

The authors use scanning tunnelling microscopy and muon spin resonance to demonstrate time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconductivity in Cs(V, Ta)₃Sb₅. The Cooper pairing in this state exhibits magnetism and is modulated by it.

Recent technological advances have enabled the detection of specific forms of phosphorylated tau in blood. Here, the authors summarize the performance of blood phosphorylated tau biomarkers in the context of Alzheimer disease and highlight related ethical, analytical and clinical challenges.