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The study used snMultiome-seq to map gene expression and chromatin accessibility in human central amygdala cells from people with and without AUD. Here, the authors show that inhibitory neurons are most affected, with KLF16-driven regulatory changes and AUD-risk variants disrupting gene activity.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Tsusaka et al. discover that histone deacetylases, which are well known to remove protein modifications, such as lysine acetylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation, can also reverse their chemical activity to add lysine modifications.

Similarities in cancers can be studied to interrogate their etiology. Here, the authors use genome-wide association study summary statistics from six cancer types based on 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, showing that solid tumours arising from different tissues share a degree of common germline genetic basis.

Despite enormous potential of solar-driven biocatalysis, most living systems lack photoactive proteins and require toxic and expensive synthetic materials limiting the performance. Here, a class of natural photoconductors is demonstrated through sub-picosecond heme-to-heme electron transfer in bacteria-produced protein nanowires.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

How do cells put electrons to rest? Using a minimal pathway to get rid of excess metabolic electrons, diverse environmentally important microbes overcome large spatial, kinetic, and thermodynamic barriers in order to survive in extreme anoxic conditions.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.

Comparison of multiple genome assemblies from wheat reveals extensive diversity that results from the complex breeding history of wheat and provides a basis for further potential improvements to this important food crop.

The PSA (KLK3) genetic variant rs17632542 is associated with reduced prostate cancer risk and lower serum PSA levels, although the underlying reasons are unclear. Here, the authors show that this PSA variant reduced proteolytic activity and leads to smaller tumours, but also increases invasion and bone metastasis, indicating its dual risk association depending on tumour context; the variant is associated with both lower risk and poor clinical outcomes.

Bacterial hairs called pili become highly-conductive electric wires upon addition of both natural and synthetic amino acids conjugated with gold nanoparticles. Here the authors use computationally-guided ordering further increasing their conductivity, thus yielding genetically-programmable materials.

A polygenic hazard score (PHS₁) improves prostate cancer screening accuracy in European patients. Here, the authors test the performance of a version compatible with OncoArray genotypes (PHS₂) in a multi-ethnic dataset and find that it risk-stratifies men for any, aggressive, and fatal prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PrCa) involves a large heritable genetic component. Here, the authors perform multivariate fine-mapping of known PrCa GWAS loci, identifying variants enriched for biological function, explaining more familial relative risk, and with potential application in clinical risk profiling.

Chromosome 8q24 is known to be a major susceptibility region for prostate cancer risk. Here the authors analyze genetic data across the 8q24 region from 71,535 prostate cancer patients identifying 12 risk loci, three previously unreported, highlighting the contribution of germline variation at this locus.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of prostate cancer performed in 156,319 cases and 788,443 controls identifies 187 novel risk variants associated with the disease. Genetic risk scores associated with overall risk, and risk of aggressive disease in men of African ancestry.

In this study, the authors provide a global overview of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing, and estimate the proportion of cases sequenced and time to genome upload. They identify disparities and highlight the need to strengthen surveillance in lower and middle income countries.

Age at voice-breaking is used to determine puberty timing in men, recall of which is considered less accurate than age at first menarche in women. Here, the authors perform multi-trait GWAS for male puberty timing by including both age at voice breaking and age of first facial hair for improved phenotype definition and power.

Genome wide association studies have identified multiple loci associated with risk of developing prostate cancer but the functional significance of many of these are unknown. Here, after generating models to predict methylation, the authors identify CpG methylation sites associated with prostate cancer.

A spatial transcriptomics study in bladder cancer investigates the spatial localization of molecular subtype signatures and ligand signaling events.

In colorectal cancer (CRC), finding loci associated with risk may give insight into disease aetiology. Here, the authors report a genome-wide association analysis in Europeans of 34,627 CRC cases and 71,379 controls, and find 31 new risk loci and 17 new risk SNPs at previously reported loci.

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells, and the complete aetiology of the disease is still unclear. Here the authors perform an additional GWAS analysis followed by a meta-analysis with existing GWAS and replication genotyping and identify 6 novel risk loci and utilise gene expression, epigenetic profiling and in situ Hi-C data to further our understanding of MM susceptibility.

A large meta-analysis combining genome-wide and custom high-density genotyping array data identifies 63 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer, enhancing fine-mapping efforts and providing insights into the underlying biology.

While GWAS have uncovered susceptibility loci for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), much of the heritable risk remains undiscovered. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of two existing BCP-ALL GWAS together with an unpublished GWAS to identify risk loci at 8q24.21 and 2q22.3.

Although radiotherapy affects multiple cellular pathways, treatments are generally planned with the assumption that all tumours respond similarly to radiation. The authors of this Review summarize the effect of various pathways activated by radiotherapy on tumour responses to radiotherapy and present the current knowledge on genomic classifiers designed to inform treatment decisions.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genomic risk regions for prostate cancer. Here, the authors perform a transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) by incorporating prostate cancer GWAS with gene expression data to identify potential novel prostate cancer risk loci and possible risk mechanisms.

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer that originates in lymph nodes. Little is known about its genetic susceptibility. Here, the authors combined existing and new genome-wide association studies to identify risk loci for classical Hodgkin lymphoma at 6q22.33, and nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma at 3q28, 6q23.3, 10p14, 13q34, 16p13.13.

Variation in sensitivity to radiation is an inherited genetic trait. This Perspective explores the possibility of genome-wide association studies to characterize genetic profiles that predict patient response to radiotherapy.

Ana Vega and colleagues report the results of a three-stage genome-wide association study of radiotherapy toxicity following treatment for prostate cancer. They find that susceptibility to late radiation-induced toxicity is associated with variants in the TANC1 gene at 2q24.1.

New methods of cardiac troponin measurement accurately characterize patients as they present to the emergency department. Decisions on admission or discharge within 1–2 h of initial assessment (rather than 6–12 h thereafter), therefore, have become feasible. This development has potential for a major influence on how patients with chest pain are managed.

This protocol provides instructions for using sigQC to obtain a set of quality control metrics to aid in the evaluation of gene signatures across datasets.