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Cu-based photocatalysts usually show wavelength-dependent activity. Here, UiO-66(COOH)₂-Cu exhibits dual-light “logic gate” behavior, where visible and near-infrared synergy drives in-situ Cu restructuring for exceptional hydrogen production.

The authors demonstrate a chipless and wireless temperature tag using a biopolymer and printed zinc. Bio-based phase-change materials enable irreversible thermal detection, and the device fully disintegrates in compost, supporting transient electronics.

Anatomically modern humans dispersed through Europe during the Upper Palaeolithic. Here, the authors model this dispersal combining archaeological, paleoclimate, and palaeoecological data and investigating how these variables impacted human demographic processes.

Head and neck cancer patients could greatly benefit from personalised treatment, but a lack of large public datasets hampers this potential. Here, the authors present HANCOCK, a multimodal dataset that integrates demographical, clinical, and histopathological data for 763 head and neck cancer patients that empowers machine learning models for clinical outcome prediction.

In a mouse model, maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to fatty liver disease in the offspring, driven by aberrant developmental programming of Kuppfer cells.

Functional T cell exhaustion occurs during chronic viral infection or in tumor settings. Beyer et al. report that chronic inflammation mediated by the cytokine TNF is responsible for this dysfunction and that blockade of this pathway restores immune system–mediated control of viral infection.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Here the authors show that IL17A-producing NKp44- group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in FAP duodenal tissue and are associated with duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.

Recent advances in tissue engineering have been remarkable, yet the precise control of cellular behavior in 2D and 3D cultures remains challenging. Here by using light signals, they spatially regulated programmed cell death pathways and cell-cell communication cascades in 2- and 3-dimensional designer tissues.

Aberrant activation of the TGF-β pathway leads to fibrotic disease. Distler and colleagues show that TGF-β-mediated fibrosis requires the decrease of Dickkopf-1, an antagonist of canonical Wnt signalling, suggesting that the two pathways interact for the manifestation of this disease.

FLiP–MS uses a library of protein–protein interaction markers to understand protein complex dynamics.

Protein degradation in clinical samples is largely unexplored. Here, the authors analyze the transcriptome and proteome of clinical tissue samples and develop an algorithm to assess protein degradation, showing that protein degradation is negligible in most tissue samples and does not correlate with transcript degradation.

The function of memory CD8⁺ T cells is often believed to be directly correlated with their localization in tissues. Here the authors show that CD8⁺T cells with different proliferative and cytotoxic properties can be distinguished based on their expression of CX3CR1, independently of their tissue localization.

Checkpoint blocking therapies are used to treat metastatic melanoma, but can have adverse immune-mediated effects, including liver pathology. Here the authors identify an expanded pool of CD4⁺ effector memory T cells resulting from prior CMV exposure as a risk factor for this adverse effect in these patients.

β-amyloid (Aβ)-dependent neuronal hyperactivity is an early marker of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Here, the authors report that scavenging Aβ monomers by an Aβ-binding anticalin protein blocks the formation of Aβ oligomers and prevents hyperactivity in AD mice.

A study of patients with COVID-19 and healthy donors found CD4⁺ T cells that react to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronaviruses; however, the effect of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells on clinical outcomes remains to be determined.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

Karpf et al. showed that distinct layers of the adult human and mouse DG are populated by astrocytes, which exhibit a subtype-specific molecular profile and morphology, leading to subtype-specific physiological characteristics.

The transcription factor PU.1 is an essential regulator of the pro-fibrotic gene expression program in fibroblasts; PU.1 expression is upregulated in various fibrotic diseases, whereas inactivation of PU.1 induces regression of fibrosis in a number of organs.

PIONEER is a European network of excellence for big data in prostate cancer, which brings together private and public stakeholders from nine countries in one multidisciplinary research consortium. In this Perspectives, members of the consortium detail the achievements of PIONEER and describe its goal of maximizing the potential of big data to improve prostate cancer care in the future.

Mutations in proteins that localize to primary cilia cause devastating diseases, yet the primary cilium is a poorly understood organelle. Here the authors use interaction proteomics to identify a network of human ciliary proteins that provides new insights into several biological processes and diseases.

Hyperactivation of TGFβ signaling is a common feature of fibrotic diseases. Here the authors show that genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 prevents TGFβ-induced JAK2/STAT3 signaling, inhibits fibroblast activation and exerts potent anti-fibrotic effects.

Microplastic (MP) pollution in polar regions is a growing environmental concern, yet little is known regarding the role of sea-ice as a sink and transport vector of MPs. Here, the authors show that MPs in sea-ice have no uniform polymer composition and observe unique MP patterns in different sea-ice horizons.

The treatment of testicular germ cell tumors has been called one of the success stories of modern medicine, with sustained response to treatment in >90% of cases, regardless of clinical stage. This Review discusses pathology, diagnostic procedures and treatment of testicular germ cell tumors, and highlights the importance of individual therapeutic management within a multidisciplinary approach according to the risk of short-term and long-term toxic effects.

In this Review, the authors present a roadmap towards achieving consensus on development, analysis and interpretation of single-cell transcriptomics data in adipose tissue, including discussion of roadblocks, best practices and ideal cell-type markers for annotation of adipose tissue cell types in mice and humans.

NR4A1 is shown to be an endogenous inhibitor of TGF-β-induced fibrosis and represents a therapeutic target for this condition.

The DNA-binding factor SATB1 is known as a chromatin organizer. Schultze and colleagues show regulation of SATB1 expression by the transcription factor Foxp3 is necessary to confer suppression of effector cell activity.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) residing within tumors can impede immune responses. Knolle and colleagues show that MDSCs poison immune cells by producing methylglyoxal, which functionally alters their cellular metabolism and hence their effector responses.

Chumduri, Gurumurthy et al. show that cervical squamous and columnar epithelia derive from two stem cell populations, regulated by opposing Wnt signals, and that a Wnt-repressive environment can induce metaplasia.

Damaged linearized mtDNA needs to be removed from the cell for mitochondrial genome stability. Here the authors shed light into the identity of the machinery responsible for rapidly degrading linearized DNA, implicating the role of mtDNA replication factors.

Microparticles, which are membrane-bound vesicles that are released from cells during cell activation and apoptosis, are emerging as important mediators of intercellular communication in the context of rheumatic disease. Levels of microparticles are increased in the blood of patients with rheumatic diseases, suggesting a role for microparticles not only in disease pathogenesis, but also as potential biomarkers in these diseases.

Truong et al. developed a cell-based reporter system, EXSISERS, that enables non-invasive quantification of the protein expression levels of exon-specific isoforms via intein-mediated protein splicing.