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Site-specific hyperphosphorylations of tau in the cerebrospinal fluid change with disease course, and correlate with pathology and cognitive decline in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease.

Nitrogen isotope data from sediments deposited during the earliest stage of the Great Oxidation Event show evidence for the emergence of a pervasive aerobic marine nitrogen cycle.

Colorectal tumors with mutated KRAS and APC require the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 to drive tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, SLC7A5 drives transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming by maintaining intracellular amino acid levels, leading to enhanced protein synthesis.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

Orphan transporters can be found in over 20 families in the SLC superfamily. Here, the authors show that human SLC22A10 is a unitary pseudogene due to a fixed missense mutation, P220; while in great apes, its orthologs transport sex steroid conjugates.

Silicification by diatoms and calcification by coccolithophores are distinct biomineralisation processes that influence global carbon cycling and the abundance of marine plankton. Here, Durak et al. show that diatom-like silicon transporters are present in coccolithophores, and that silicon is required for formation of their calcium carbonate coccoliths.

Grass pea is a multi-stress tolerant orphan crop and developing cultivars with decreased accumulation of the neurotoxin β-L-oxalyl-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (β-L-ODAP) is one of its breeding objectives. Here, the authors assemble its genome and reveal genes involved in the biosynthesis of β-L-ODAP.

Very small aerosols from sea spray make up a larger proportion of cloud condensation nuclei than previously recognized, according to an analysis of five years of aerosol ground-based measurement data from over the Atlantic Ocean.

A synthetic hydrogel has been developed to mimic the physicochemical properties of pancreatic tissue and is shown to support the culture of pancreatic cancer organoids, revealing the role of laminin–integrin interactions in their growth.

Golub and colleagues tested thousands of drugs not originally developed for oncology across 578 human cancer cell lines, revealing growth-inhibitory effects and providing a resource to identify drugs with the potential to be repurposed for cancer.

Spirulina is used to manufacture a therapeutic antibody against campylobacter.

Haspin phosphorylates histone H3 threonine 3 (H3T3) to ensure proper progression through mitosis. Here the authors describe how Haspin engages a nucleosomal DNA supergroove, using electrostatic interactions, thereby promoting H3T3 phosphorylation.

Impaired Aβ clearance in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects progression. Here, the authors show that CD14 + CD16+ monocytes carry Aβ in peripheral circulation and CSF in AD, suggesting a role in Aβ clearance.

Most studies of the genetics of the metabolome have been done in individuals of European descent. Here, the authors integrate genomics and metabolomics in Black individuals, highlighting the value of whole genome sequencing in diverse populations and linking circulating metabolites to human disease.

Glutamine synthetase is the only enzyme that synthesizes glutamine in mammals. In vivo metabolomics showed that glutamine synthetase utilizes methylamine to produce N⁵-methylglutamine, whose levels correlate with tumor burden in a β+catenin+mutant liver cancer model.

Kistamicin is a structurally divergent glycopeptide antibiotic (GPA) that contains a unique 15-membered A-O-B ring. Here, the authors obtained a crystal structure of the kistamicin OxyA/X-domain complex and analysed the cyclisation cascade leading to the formation of the A-O-B ring.

Human and mouse cells expressing a redox-insensitive GAPDH mutant that otherwise retains its catalytic activity are shown to be unable to upregulate the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in response to oxidative stress.

Integrins are activated by many extracellular cues and respond by assembling diverse signalling complexes. Byron et al.use activation state-specific antibodies to proteomically characterize these complexes, and provide insight into integrin-dependent microtubule stabilization.

Nonselective engagement of GPCR signaling pathways by GPCR-targeting drugs can reduce treatment efficacy and cause side effects. The authors show that signaling selectivity in CB2R can be tuned by reshaping allosteric networks, offering insights for more precise therapies.

In the study, the authors identify a protein excreted by the parasite Trichuris muris, p43, which can modulate IL-13 function, a key cytokine involved in host protection. These data suggest that p43 may be a novel therapeutic target for both whipworm infections and IL13 mediated pathologies.

Determination of the first structure for an RNase II in the absence and presence of RNA reveals that the domain structure is different than sequence analysis had predicted. The structural details explain why RNase II only acts on single-stranded RNA, and how it moves along the RNA to processively degrade it.

The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi’omics Database includes longitudinal data encompassing a multitude of analyses of stool, blood and biopsies of more than 100 individuals, and provides a comprehensive description of host and microbial activities in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Geochemical analyses and climate modelling suggest that 2.5 billion years ago much of the nitrogen now stored in the solid Earth was in the atmosphere, and that the higher atmospheric nitrogen levels would have increased the efficacy of greenhouse gases, thus warming the Earth.

Glycomic profiling of mucosal surfaces identified O-mucin glycoconjugate motifs that regulate Candida albicans virulence. Synthetic analogs based on these glycans suppress fungal filamentation, offering potential for antifungal development.

The EMDataResource Ligand Model Challenge aimed at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of modeling ligands bound to protein and protein–nucleic acid complexes in cryo-EM maps determined at near-atomic resolution. This analysis presents the results and recommends best practices for assessing cryo-EM structures of liganded macromolecules.

The development of Sulfopin, a highly selective and potent, covalent Pin1 inhibitor that phenocopies Pin1 knockout and regresses tumors in murine and zebrafish models of neuroblastoma as well as in a pancreatic cancer mouse model.

Fishing has had a profound impact on global reef shark populations, and the absence or presence of sharks is strongly correlated with national socio-economic conditions and reef governance.

DNA double-strand breaks in ribosomal DNA repeats is associated with repression of ribosomal RNA synthesis. Here the authors reveal a cooperation between TOPBP1 and Treacle in the signaling cascade that triggers transcriptional inhibition and nucleolar segregation in response to rDNA breaks.

Environmental and biotic factors control ecological communities. Here, the authors study community ribosomal rRNA gene copy number in coastal sediment and ocean bacterial communities, and in microcosm nutrient addition experiments, to propose a conceptual framework of how nutrient supply and ecological interactions shape the community.

A survey of sharks and rays on coral reefs within 66 marine protected areas across 36 countries showcases that the conservation benefits of full MPA protection to sharks almost double when accompanied by effective fisheries management.

Age-specific differences upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are marked by emergence of goblet 2 inflammatory cells expressing antiviral interferon stimulating genes in paediatric nasal cultures, and basaloid-like cells with increased viral spread in cultures from older adults.

Reduction of gaseous Hg(II) compounds drives atmospheric mercury wet and dry deposition to Earth surface ecosystems. Global Hg models assume this reduction takes place in clouds. Here the authors report a new gas-phase Hg photochemical mechanism that changes atmospheric mercury lifetime and its deposition to the surface.

Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factors cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Here the authors provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying non-syndromic retinal disease caused by heterozygous mutations in genes encoding ubiquitously expressed splicing factors.

Pink salmon start life in fresh water before moving to the sea. This study shows that CO₂-induced acidification due to climate change detrimentally affects salmon physiology and behaviour in fresh water and shortly following seawater entry.

The bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved resistance to many antibiotics, including carbapenems. Here, Wu et al. show that the carbapenemase Oxa-23 interacts with the outer membrane porin CarO in an A. baumanniiisolate, indicative of porin-localised antibiotic inactivation.

Injectable hydrogels have gained significant interest; yet, due to high viscosity, many are unsuitable for catheter delivery. Here, the authors report on cyclic peptides with low viscosity for catheter delivery, which form self-assembled peptide hydrogels following enzymatic cleavage and demonstrated delivery in vivo.