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A single-cell spatial atlas identifies a B cell-predominant microenvironment within the profibrotic tubular niche that marks a subset of patients with diabetic kidney disease with rapid progression.

Glycerol is an allosteric activator of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), activating the futile creatine cycle.

Symmetry rules usually prevent interactions between distinct vibrational modes. Now it is shown that charge order fluctuations can mix modes, enhancing the chiral lattice response in a ferroaxial electronic crystal.

Here, the authors introduce information isotopes, a novel framework for tracing unauthorized training data in black-box AI systems, offering a practical tool for auditing data provenance and protecting data rights.

JWST observations of both the dayside and nightside of a hot exoplanet show that horizontal winds transport chemical species faster than the time they need to react chemically, which drives the nightside atmosphere out of chemical equilibrium.

Aptamers, single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of binding to specific targets, are composed of only four similar nucleobases, limiting their therapeutic potential. Now, alenomers—DNA-barcoded, chemically diverse aptamer-like molecules that integrate amino acids, lipids and sugars at precise sites—have been developed. This modular platform enables the rapid discovery of high-affinity, stable aptamers.

TRH neurons are located in brain regions controlling energy balance. Here, authors show that distinct hypothalamic TRH neurons regulate feeding, energy use, body temperature, and brown fat, and are involved in counteracting hypothermia.

Histone modifications, such as N^ε-lysine acetylation and methylation, play critical roles in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Now, the oxidation of acetyl-lysine to hydroxyacetyl-lysine of a select histone has been identified as a distinct modification catalysed by the human JmjC histone demethylase KDM3A, which plays a role in the cellular hypoxic response.

Combined functional ultrasound imaging and Neuropixels recording of mouse brains identify two neuronal populations with opposing arousal-related activity and distinct haemodynamic response functions, that occur throughout the brain.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The relationship between the driving force for electron transfer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials and their performance has been challenging to understand. Now, it has been shown that the driving force controls the charge-transfer distance at the donor–acceptor interface, a finding that supports a model where raising the dielectric constant will be the most effective way to improve OPV efficiencies.

The electronic behaviour of complex oxides such as LaNiO₃ depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, making it challenging to identify microscopic mechanisms. Here the authors demonstrate the influence of oxygen vacancies on the thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition of LaNiO₃ films.

Psychotropic medication use, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and polygenic risk for high body mass index (PGS-BMI) may elevate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals with mental illness. In this study, the authors analyze UK Biobank data, revealing that psychotropic users with high PGS-BMI and unhealthy lifestyles face the greatest BMI and CVD risk, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Analysis of 128 high-coverage Indigenous American genomes shows extensive diversity shaped by several South American dispersals, ancient Australasian admixture, archaic introgression and long-term adaptation, indicating a far more complex evolutionary history than previously assumed.

A robust composite pair-exchange gate based on controlled interactions of fermionic atoms in an optical superlattice demonstrates high fidelities and long Bell-state lifetimes, marking an important step towards a fully digital fermionic quantum computer.

JWST phase-curve observations reveal that the two innermost TRAPPIST-1 planets emit thermal radiation consistent with bare rocky surfaces, indicating that both lack thick atmospheres.

JWST has produced some of the first spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of massive quiescent galaxies less than 2 Gyr after the Big Bang, revealing a kinematically unique galaxy that shows little-to-no rotational support.

Engineering motif-specific 'hot spots' into an antibody scaffold yields antibodies with high affinity to targets containing phosphoserine, phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine.

Tailoring relativistic laser–plasma interactions on femtosecond timescales unlocks a direct route to extreme field generation using a coherent harmonic focus.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

Owing to electron localization, two-dimensional materials are not expected to be metallic at low temperatures, but a field-induced quantum metal phase emerges in NbSe₂, whose behaviour is consistent with the Bose-metal model.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites exhibit efficient photoinduced emission at room temperature, but control over charge carrier transport remains limited. Here formamidinium-based layered 2D perovskites are developed with high predicted symmetry. The absence of octahedral distortion results in an exciton diffusion length of 2.5 µm.

During chemotherapy Endonuclease G triggers chromosomal breakage and leukemogenic rearrangements in hematopoietic cells. Here the authors identify a peptide derived from Ku80 antagonizing this mutagenic effect through specific Endonuclease G inhibition.

Using cryo-EM, the authors identified 42 MIPs, including outer junction protein CFAP77 and outer dense fibers, in native doublet microtubules of Tetrahymena thermophila. Knockout of CFAP77 reduced ciliary beat frequency and led to outer junction damage.

This study reveals how understory forest plants in the Central Amazon adapt their nutrient acquisition strategies in response to elevated atmospheric CO₂, based on an in situ open-top chamber experiment. To support the CO₂ fertilization effect, plants adjust contrasting strategies to extract nutrients from litter and soil layers. This process intensifies competition between plants and microbes and may lead to declines in soil organic phosphorus, with important implications for carbon–phosphorus dynamics and the resilience of forests under climate change.

National parochialism is the tendency to cooperate more with people of the same nation. In a 42-nations study, the authors show that national parochialism is a pervasive phenomenon, present to a similar degree across all the studied nations, and occurs both when decisions are private or public.

Mapping binding sites using photoaffinity labelling (PAL) is highly valuable but challenging for probe and drug discovery campaigns. Now a chemoproteomic approach has been developed that incorporates cleavable silyl ether linkages into PAL probes to pinpoint and quantify the precise sites where small molecules engage protein binding partners.

Spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) exports sphingosine-1- 26 phosphate (S1P) out of cells. Here, the authors show that SPNS2 has antiporter-like activity, exporting S1P while importing glucose, revealing a mechanism linking SPNS2 to glucose homeostasis with clinical implications.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

This study explores the clonal architecture of aplastic anemia across age using single-cell approaches. Somatic inactivation of specific human leukocyte antigen risk alleles is a frequent event and often occurs in multiple independent events.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

A large-scale proteomics analysis of the dark proteome by the TransCODE Consortium reveals many translated non-canonical open reading frames to encode microproteins and peptideins.

Children aged 5–8 years can reach unanimous consensus in small networks using only local information. This ability increases sharply after kindergarten, with children converging reliably by following local majorities and adopting roles such as leaders, debaters or closers by grades 1–2.

Lu et al. report that PCBP1 safeguards AARS2 alternative splicing in the heart, and that loss of PCBP1 disrupts AARS2 splicing, leading to infantile mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Loss of cardiac PCBP1 or AARS2 impairs oxidative phosphorylation and activates mitonuclear signaling and the unfolded protein response pathway.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

The accretion disk environments surrounding active galactic nuclei are potential locations where there is an excess of eccentric mergers of large black holes, which have different spin–orbit tilts compared with circular mergers.

A chip-scale image sensor that uses a microelectromechanical system actuator to modulate the sensor’s position can enhance the spatial bandwidth product by up to 33.7-fold compared with operation without actuation.

Ancient DNA indicates that Albanians largely descend from Bronze and Iron Age Balkan populations, with genetic profiles established by 800 CE and limited later Medieval East European admixture.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies for two diploid and four tetraploid peanut varieties provide insights into peanut genome organization, evolutionary dynamics and phenotypic differentiation.

Development of myeloid leukaemia in children with Down syndrome is a stepwise process. Here, the authors employ scRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis on patient samples from various disease stages to define the cellular and molecular features of this stepwise leukaemia development.

Theoretical descriptions of surface wetting so far cover only equilibrium situations and therefore do not describe active matter. Now a formalism for the description of the wetting of a surface by self-propelled particles is presented.

Analysis of FeTe films grown using molecular-beam epitaxy and annealed under a Te flux post-growth shows that stoichiometric FeTe is inherently a superconductor, contradicting the long-held view that it is an antiferromagnetic metal.

A high-resolution spectroscopic analysis reveals ultralow amounts of heavy elements in the star SDSS J0715−7334. The star originates from the Large Magellanic Cloud and probably formed directly after the first stars through dust cooling.

The creation of stable and isolated magnetic hopfions—three-dimensional topological solitons—has remained experimentally challenging. Now the laser-induced nucleation of hopfions has been achieved in a chiral magnet.