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A large language model (LLM)-powered systematic review of over 1,000 studies revealed that, despite the growth of medical research involving LLMs, a majority of studies do not involve real-world clinical data.

Stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when stars pass close enough to supermassive black holes. Here, the authors show that future searches TDEs have potential to uncover the existence of ultralight bosons.

Using a trapped-ion quantum simulator of up to 50 spins, researchers explore new universal scaling laws in non-equilibrium dynamics, revealing unique critical behaviors following a sequence of quenches in a long-range 1D Ising model.

The authors show that the fungal pathogen Candida albicans exploits diverse host-associated signals, including specific nutrients and stresses, to promote immune evasion by masking cell wall β-glucan, a major pathogen-associated molecular pattern.

The widespread use of fuel cells requires improved catalysts to reduce oxygen efficiently at the cathode. It is shown that model, well-characterized size-selected Pt_xY nanoparticles can be synthesized by the gas aggregation technique, and that they are highly active for this reaction.

The still-developing understanding of topologically non-trivial phases of matter has led to new mechanisms for unconventional many-body behaviour. Here the authors present a model where the symmetry needed for a symmetry-protected topological phase only emerges after the formation of long-range order.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

The Unruh effect is a seminal result which illustrates the relative character of the particle concept in QFT, but its validity for extended systems is debated. Here, the authors show how a uniformly accelerated extended system of two coupled spins will evolve to a Gibbs thermal state at the Unruh temperature.

Electrocatalytic processes involving gas molecules are generally limited by low solubility in aqueous solutions. Here water endowed with permanent microporosity by silicalite-1 nanocrystals is used to concentrate O₂, allowing the measurement of the intrinsic activity of a Pt/C catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction.

Histone H1 binds to nucleosomes with ultrahigh affinity, implying residence times incompatible with efficient biological regulation. Now it has been shown that the disordered regions of H1 retain their large-amplitude dynamics on the nucleosome, which enables a charged disordered histone chaperone to invade the H1–nucleosome complex and vastly accelerate H1 dissociation.

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of iPSC neural differentiation identifies markers that predict line-to-line differences in cell fate potential and eQTLs that are specific to different stages of differentiation and that overlap with GWAS risk variants for neurological traits.

Although the photogeneration yield spectrum is a key property for photoabsorbers in photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells, its characterization remains challenging. An empirical method to extract this parameter through quantum efficiency measurements of ultrathin films is proposed.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that plays important roles in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, the authors characterize a non-linear hysteretic response of E-cadherin repression during TGFβ-induced EMT that is controlled by the strength of the miR-200s/ZEBs negative feedback loop and enhances metastasis.

Large-scale sequence-based analyses identify novel risk variants and susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease, and implicate mesenchymal cell-mediated intestinal homeostasis in disease etiology.

Through a reassessment of global dam failure records since 1900, this investigation profiles the risk of failure for large dams, identifying a recent increase that is especially important in tropical and monsoon climate regions with low gross domestic product.

Relatively few lncRNAs have been shown to regulate animal behavior. Here, Saha et al. use mouse genetic methods to show that the lncRNA Pnky can underlie specific mouse behavior by functioning in trans.

Eberhard et al. show that SEMA3A regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations by signaling through NRP1 and LIMK1, revealing a pathway that connects hyperlipidemia to the development of steatotic liver disease.

Hypermutation and microsatellite burden determine responses and long-term survival following PD-1 blockade in children and young adults with refractory cancers resulting from germline DNA replication repair deficiency.

Directed evolution commonly relies on point mutations but InDels frequently occur in evolution. Here the authors report a protein-engineering framework based on InDel mutagenesis and fragment transplantation resulting in greater catalysis and longer glow-type bioluminescence of the ancestral luciferase.

Cloaking is a technique for rendering obstacles undetectable, previously applied to waves and now extended to particles. Here using a time-periodic magnetic field, authors report that paramagnetic colloidal particles are guided around cloaked regions in a deformed magnetic lattice, resuming motion as if the distortion were nonexistent.

A semiconductor chip, coupled to an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) pH sensor, can amplify and quantitate DNA in real time without dyes, cameras and external heating devices.

Error mitigation has helped improve the performance of current quantum computing devices. Now, a mathematical analysis of the technique suggests its benefits may not extend to larger systems.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Simultaneous magnetic resonance optoacoustic readings reveal a high correspondence between BOLD and hemoglobin signals in mouse functional connectivity. Total and oxygenated hemoglobin exhibit stronger correlations with BOLD than deoxygenated hemoglobin.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: Results of the phase 2/3 AGITG DYNAMIC-III trial show that de-escalated chemotherapy based on ctDNA-negative status in patients with stage III colon cancer did not meet non-inferiority for 3-year recurrence-free survival when compared to standard of care, although it enables better informed treatment decisions.

3D higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) exhibit 1D hinge states depending on extrinsic sample details, while intrinsic features of HOTIs remain unknown. Here, K.S. Lin et al. introduce the framework of spin-resolved topology to show that helical HOTIs can realize a doubled axion insulator phase with nontrivial partial axion angles.

Current quantum computers do not have error correction, which means noise may prevent them outperforming classical devices in useful tasks. An analysis of quantum optimization shows that current noise levels are too high to produce a quantum advantage.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

How genetic information in the germinal zone determines neuronal cell types is unclear. Here the authors show that MEIS2 plays an important role in determining GABAergic neuron diversity during development.

Serological analysis and infection outcomes of participants in the multi-center, prospectively enrolled OCTAVE cohort, comprising 2,686 participants with immune-suppressive diseases who recieved two COVID-19 vaccines, reveals specific clinical phenotypes that might benefit from specific COVID-19 therapeutic strategies.

Thermoelectric devices can convert low-grade heat sources into electricity, but suffer from low efficiency. Here, Lee et al.present a thermally regenerative electrochemical device with copper hexacyanoferrate electrode material, which enables efficient heat-to-electricity energy conversion.

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in Asia indicates that Asian LUADs have fewer mutations, lower driver prevalence and fewer copy number alterations than European LUADs.

The Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa injects effectors into host cells to promote infection. Here, the authors reveal a new regulatory role for the T3SS effector ExoY in modulating ExoT-induced cytotoxicity via cGMP signalling.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibit diverse clinical outcomes in response to targeted therapies. Here the authors show that these LUADs involve a complex genomic landscape with high intratumor heterogeneity, providing insights into the evolutionary trajectory of oncogene-driven LUAD and potential mediators of EGFR TKI resistance.

miRNAs can function either as proto-oncogenes or tumour suppressors in several cancers; however their function in tumour initiating cells is unclear. Here, Zhang et al. show that tumour initiating cell-specific miR-1246 and miR-1290 promote lung cancer initiation and metastasis and could serve as prognostic markers.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

Whole blood signatures have served as the potential biomarkers for TB but failed to meet World Health Organization’s (WHO) optimal target product profiles (TPP). By employing cohorts from multiple countries, the authors identify a diagnostic 6-gene signature from cell free RNA which outperforms TPP requirement in distinguishing TB from non-TB.

The genome sequence for Trichoplax adhaerens is analysed, and it is reported that the organism retains many features of the last common ancestor with cnidarians and bilaterians, estimated to be over 600 million years ago. However, T. adhaerens also contains genes for developmental patterns and cell types which have never been seen in this animal, suggesting that we might still not know the full story.

The role of neutrophils is increasingly being recognized in chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Here the authors show that visceral adipose tissue from individuals with obesity contains more neutrophils than in those without obesity and is associated with a distinct bacterial community.

Many recent advances in reservoir computing utilize inherently stochastic dynamics and can be designed so that the number of readouts scales exponentially with device size. Here, authors prove the universality of stochastic echo state networks and test the performance of two practical examples.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Extreme confinement of water and ions within nanofluidic channels gives rise to unusual transport phenomena. Here the authors investigate how electronic properties of carbon nanotube porins influence the transport efficiency of water and ions.