Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually begins in a self-terminating paroxysmal form. In this Review, Nattel and Dobrev extensively summarize the electrophysiological basis for paroxysmal AF occurrence and maintenance, as well as the molecular mechanisms forming the underlying substrate, drawing on data from both patients with AF and animal models of spontaneous AF. The authors also consider potential factors governing progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF.
- Stanley Nattel
- Dobromir Dobrev
