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Aaron Gitler, Robert Farese Jr. and colleagues identify the RNA lariat debranching enzyme Dbr1 as a potent suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity in yeast. They further show that Dbr1 knockdown reduces TDP-43 toxicity in mammalian cells, identifying this enzyme as a possible therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other diseases marked by TDP-43 accumulation.

Using a chimaeric integrin α₅ (where the tail is replaced by that of α₂), Yun et al. show that in endothelial cells, integrin α₅ interacts with the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 to reduce cAMP levels and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo.

Data from the Kepler spacecraft and the HARPS-N ground-based spectrograph indicate that the extrasolar planet Kepler-78b has a mean density similar to that of Earth and imply that it is composed of rock and iron.

Determining stratospheric ozone levels from before instrumental records began has proved difficult. Measurements of the chemical composition of plant spore walls suggest that ultraviolet-B-absorbing compounds have the potential to act as a proxy for past changes in ultraviolet-B radiation and stratospheric ozone.

Microorganisms must regulate allocation of resources in nutrient-limited conditions. Here, the authors combine Ribo-seq, RNA-seq and TSS-seq to study resource allocation in the acetogen C. ljungdahlii, and show that dynamic regulation of translational efficiency of metabolic pathways is critical.

Cell groups in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic clock contribute to the genesis of circadian rhythms. The authors identified two populations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus which regulate locomotor circadian rhythm in mice.

Cristen Willer and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses for blood lipid levels in 188,578 individuals. They identify 62 loci newly associated with blood lipid levels, refine the association signals at 12 loci and examine associations with cardiovascular and metabolic traits.

This Resource combines amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to provide a global view of microbial–metabolite associations across Earth’s environments.

All major industrialized countries are failing to meet the pledges they made to cut greenhouse-gas emissions, warn David G. Victor and colleagues.

A type I CRISPR–Cas system, rather than the conventional type II CRISPR systems, is adapted for gene editing by fusing Cascade to the FokI nuclease domain.

Lymph nodes expand after an inflammatory challenge to accommodate their increased cellularity. Turley and colleagues show that fibroblastic reticular cells regulate this expansion process through the interaction of podoplanin with its receptor CLEC-2 expressed on incoming dendritic cells.

Flexible electronic devices that can be stretched without losing performance have seen increasing functionality. In particular, the demonstration of light-emitting diodes and photodetectors on flexible electronic substrates now opens the door to applications of flexible optoelectronic sheets in biomedicine and robotics.

ATRX inactivation frequently occurs in glioma. Here, the authors explore the role of ATRX inactivation in oncogenesis, highlighting ATRX deficiency driven epigenomic changes that influence the expression of genes crucial to the oncogenic phenotype.

Traditionally, biopsy has been a mainstay and gold standard for the diagnosis of coeliac disease, but a biopsy-sparing approach has been suggested and adopted for the assessment of children in some countries. Here, the authors outline the current diagnostic methods for coeliac disease, discussing the pros and cons of a no-biopsy approach for both adults and children.

Using the lifespan brain chart and two large-scale cross-cultural consortia (ABIDE and CABIC), we disentangle the heterogeneity of brain morphology in ASD into two structural impairment pathways that could disrupt sensory to association functions.

A fully formed, Neptune-sized planet is observed orbiting a young star, demonstrating that planets can form in less than 10 million years and may also experience inward migration on these timescales.

Sekar Kathiresan and colleagues examine 185 common variants using a modified mendelian randomization approach and provide evidence supporting a causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the development of coronary artery disease.

Joana Carlevaro-Fita, Andrés Lanzós et al. present the Cancer LncRNA Census (CLC), a manually curated dataset of 122 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with experimentally-validated functions in cancer based on data from the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. CLC lncRNAs have unique gene features, and a number display evidence for cancer-driving functions that are conserved from humans to mice.

In plant communities, co-occurring species compete for resources such as mineral nutrients under limited supply. Here, the researchers found that a major mineral nutrient, phosphorus, was taken up by co-occurring plants in species-specific proportions of different forms, which may drive the development of community biodiversity.

The Gulf Stream was positioned further south during the Little Ice Age than today as a result of strengthened Labrador and Deep Western Boundary Currents and negative North Atlantic Oscillation, according to a high-resolution magnesium record from a Bermudan stalagmite

Cynthia Hawkins, Oren Becher and colleagues report the identification of recurrent mutations in ACVR1 in 20% of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.

A set of 355 self-assembling DNA ‘tiles’ can be reprogrammed to implement many different computer algorithms—including sorting, palindrome testing and divisibility by three—suggesting that molecular self-assembly could be a reliable algorithmic component in programmable chemical systems.

Kepler-107 b and c have the same radius but, contrary to expectations, the outermost Kepler-107 c is much denser. This difference cannot be explained by photoevaporation by stellar high-energy particle flux and it suggests that Kepler-107 c experienced a giant impact event.

Triple-negative breast cancer tumors relapse more frequently in spite of good initial response to chemotherapy, and have a worse prognosis than hormone receptor-positive, luminal subtypes. New systemic therapies are urgently needed because hormonal therapies and HER2-targeted agents are ineffective in this group of tumors. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, EGFR-targeted agents, and src kinase and mTOR inhibitors are among the therapeutic agents being actively investigated in clinical trials in these patients.

Colorectal cancer cell lines accurately recapitulate the histological and transcriptional properties of low-grade and high-grade colorectal cancers.

Amorphous aluminum oxide tunnel junctions are important for cryogenic and room temperature devices. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of alternating-bias-assisted annealing for transforming and tuning transmon qubit junctions, where giant increases in excess of 70% in the room temperature resistance can be achieved.

Marra and colleagues describe POG570, a pan-cancer, whole-genome, transcriptome and clinical dataset stressing the molecular interactions in advanced and post-therapy cancer patients.