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Ten people who mattered this year.

We are leading Nature on a journey to help decolonize research and forge a path towards restorative justice and reconciliation.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 also reduced circulation of endemic viruses which may have led to immune waning. Here, the authors use multiplex serology data from King County, Washington, US to characterise age-specific changes in antibody levels to a range of endemic viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Taking action to reduce risks of labor abuse and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the fishing sector is hindered by a lack of spatially explicit data and an understanding of different drivers of risks. Here the authors combine expert assessments with satellite information to map and quantify risks of labor abuse and IUU fishing at port, at sea and associated with transshipment globally.

Bacterial genome evolution is shaped by epistasis, which can constrain or promote specific evolutionary paths. The authors review how integrating the effects of epistatic interactions into population-scale analyses can improve genotype–phenotype mapping and provide a deeper understanding of the complex traits that shape the microbial world.

Non-random mating can complicate genetic studies, but implications hinge on its history in prior generations. Here, the authors use genetic similarity between relatives to investigate which traits show evidence of recent changes in mating behavior.

Traumatic brain injury is associated with changes to the metabolome. Here the authors show that acute traumatic brain injury has distinctive serum metabolic patterns which may suggest protective changes of systemic lipid metabolism aiming to maintain lipid homeostasis in the brain.

In this study, the authors generated iPSC lines from more than 100 sporadic ALS cases, which recapitulated key disease phenotypes and enabled large-scale drug screening, identifying a promising combination therapy of baricitinib, memantine and riluzole.

Having placed artificial intelligence at the centre of its own economic strategy, China is driving efforts to create an international system to govern the technology’s use.

Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.

Different types of SETBP1 variants cause variable developmental syndromes with only partial clinical and functional overlaps. Here, the authors report that SETBP1 variants outside the degron region impair DNA-binding, transcription, and neuronal differentiation capacity and morphologies.

Researchers induced ploidy reduction in human oocytes generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer, enabling fertilization and embryo development with integrated somatic and sperm chromosomes, highlighting a proof-of-concept for in vitro gametogenesis.

This study develops a wide-ranging index to assess the many factors that contribute to the health and benefits of the oceans, and the scores for all costal nations are assessed.

Blanc et al. uncover how chronic inflammation triggers an epigenetic switch in aged muscle stem cells, leading to iron accumulation and cell death by ferroptosis—offering insights into muscle aging and potential paths for regenerative therapies.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Pathogen diagnostics are strong determinants of azithromycin effects on diarrhea duration, but host factors may better predict benefits for severe outcomes. In this work, authors utilise a machine learning-based approach to evaluate personalized rules for the decision to treat watery diarrhea with azithromycin.

A three-wave survey conducted before and after a major leaked and official ruling by the US Supreme Court shows that the ruling shifted views on abortion legality, had a contrasting effect on norm perceptions and polarized perceptions of the Court’s legitimacy and support for reform.

A comprehensive characterisation of the proteomic landscape of lymphoid malignancies remains elusive. Here, high-throughput proteomic profiling of 6,412 circulating proteins identifies potential risk stratification markers.

This Perspective proposes the Population Neuroscience-Dementia Syndemics Framework and model to develop knowledge of how multiple factors may interact to perpetuate inequities in dementia, especially for women in low- and middle-income countries.

Central serous chorioretinopathy is an eye disease whose etiology is not well known. Here, the authors performed genetic association studies and identified vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) as a likely regulator of the risk of central serous chorioretinopathy, as well as other eye and vascular diseases.

The ATR inhibitor ceralasertib has shown clinical activity in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in several cancer types. Here the authors report the anti-tumor activity and the immunomodulatory changes, dependent on up-regulation of type I interferon pathway, following intermittent ATR inhibition in preclinical cancer models.

Basidiomycete fungi typically have two mating-type loci located on different chromosomes. Here, Lucotte et al. report the convergent loss-of-function of mating-type genes across several species of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Microbotryum.

Segmentation and classification of microstructures are required by quality control and materials development. The authors apply deep learning for the segmentation of complex phase steel microstructures, providing a bridge between experimental and computational methods for materials analysis.

In a phase 2 trial of patients with untreated, recurrent and progressive brain metastases treated with an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor, the overall intracranial benefit rate was 42.1%, which met the prespecified primary endpoint.

We round up some recent stories from the Nature Briefing.

The success of HER2-targeted cancer therapy is limited by treatment resistance. Here, the authors engineer an anti-HER2 biparatopic antibody with multiple mechanisms of action including induction of HER2 clustering to trigger complement dependent cytotoxicity, signal inhibition, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis.

Quantum imaging outlines objects with light that does not interact with them.

Marine heatwaves can have severe impact on corals populations. This study demonstrates that selective breeding could quickly enhance coral tolerance to short-term heat stress by up to 1 °C. This has potential to mitigate some impacts of climate change, however urgent climate action is still needed.

A comprehensive analysis of models of brain metastasis and multiple cohorts of patient samples identifies a targetable molecular mechanism underlying the resistance to whole-brain radiotherapy that can inform patient selection for personalized radiotherapy.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

Policies that centre principles of justice and human rights, specify inclusive decision-making processes and identify and challenge underlying drivers of injustice are linked to more just food system outcomes.

The “Lilly decision” gives drugmakers a first glimpse of how the courts will interpret a law designed to exclude nonUS infringement on US patents.

The EU AI Act is the world’s first major legislation on artificial intelligence and strictly regulates general-purpose models.

Tumour evolution and heterogeneity in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains poorly characterised. Here, the authors investigate the genomic landscape of HGSOC and reveal two distinct evolutionary trajectories associated with clinical outcomes.