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Greenland’s icebergs transport 450 megatonnes of sediment to its fjords each year, representing one-third of the ice sheet’s total sediment export. This ice-rafted debris builds shoals at tidewater glacier margins and provides key nutrients for marine ecosystems.

Self-reported emissions data are widely used to evaluate corporations’ climate performance, yet concerns exist regarding their credibility. By examining major US companies, researchers find that more than half of them revise, and mainly understate, their emissions data after first report.

Peanut is an important oil and protein crop. Here, the authors presents a population-specific pangenome for the PeanutMAGIC multiparent population and identify a third recessive AhFAD2C gene that can independently segregate and influence oleic acid content in peanut.

Combining high-resolution mapping of foliar and herbivore faecal sodium concentrations across Africa, the authors show that plant-derived sodium availability constrains megaherbivore densities at a continental scale.

This study presents a model-agnostic framework that pairs deep neural operators and Bayesian experimental design for the accurate prediction of extreme events, such as rogue waves, pandemic spikes and structural ship failures.

Ali Rabeh, Ethan Herron and colleagues benchmark diverse scientific machine learning models, including neural operators and vision transformer-based foundation models, for fluid flow prediction over intricate geometries using a unified scoring framework. They show that geometry representations can have a measurable impact on the accuracy and generalization of different models.

New global datasets of upper canopy vegetation respiration have become available and their impact on global carbon cycle models is unclear. Here, the authors show the implications of these parameterisations with a global gridded land model and report significantly higher global plant respiration estimates.

contrastiveVI separates single-cell gene expression variations uniquely related to treatment conditions from those shared with control conditions using a probabilistic latent variable model.

E. coli is common in humans, animals and the environment but the extent of circulation between ecological niches is unclear. Here, the authors sample ~1,000 E. coli strains from different urban aquatic ecosystems in Hong Kong and describe genomic relatedness of markers of antimicrobial resistance.

Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.

The results from a state-of-the-art suite of hydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations show how globular clusters naturally emerge in the Standard Cosmology and also reveal the existence of a new class of object called globular-cluster-like dwarfs.

Intracellular recording involves puncturing the cell membrane to gain access to the cell. In this work, the authors introduce a puncture-free intracellular recording approach that leverages a deep learning model to translate extracellular recordings into intracellular signals.

The authors show how myelination is altered on learning-activated cortical neurons during motor learning in mice. They propose that learning-induced circuit-specific myelin plasticity may contribute to information encoding during learning.

The underlying mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy remains not fully understood. Here, the authors use optical neuroimaging in mice and humans to show that electroconvulsive therapy elicits a second brain event after seizure—spreading depolarization—a previously hidden phenomenon that may help to understand and optimize this treatment.

Ongoing hydrogen loss from two sibling exoplanets provides support for the role of such hydrogen loss in the evolution of close-orbiting sub-Neptunes.

Interpreting spectroscopic data in real time remains a challenge in chemical characterization. Here a digital twin framework is developed that links first-principles theory and experimental data via a bidirectional feedback loop, enabling on-the-fly decision-making and insights into reaction mechanisms based on measured spectra during chemical experiments.

DecoID provides acquisition-independent, database-assisted deconvolution of metabolomic MS/MS spectra for improved metabolite identification.

Bromberg-Martin, Feng and colleagues uncover conserved value computations underlying human and monkey information-seeking behavior and show that the lateral habenula sends value signals integrating information with reward and guides online decisions.

The Hippo pathway transcription factors YAP and TAZ are often thought to play redundant roles in cancer progression. Here, Patterson et al demonstrate that TAZ is specifically required in HPV18+ cervical cancer, a subtype associated with worse prognosis.

We find that gender bias is more prevalent in images than text, that the underrepresentation of women online is substantially worse in images and that googling for images amplifies gender bias in a person’s beliefs.

This paper presents a statistical framework for power analysis of spatial omics studies, facilitated by an in silico tissue-generation method.

Neuronal activity is associated with transcriptional changes. Here, the authors present a deep learning model that integrates single cell transcriptomic signals to estimate neuronal activation.

Retinal prosthetics has shown its promise in restoring vision, despite limited acuity. Here, the authors demonstrate a high-resolution prosthetic vision that enables grating acuity matching the natural visual resolution in rats, paving the way to higher acuity of prosthetic vision in atrophic macular degeneration.

Heart failure has a heterogeneous etiology and the genetic underpinnings are not well understood. Here, Arvanitis et al. perform GWAS meta-analysis including 10,976 heart failure cases and 437,573 controls, identify new loci near ABO and ACTN2 and show that deletion of a ACTN2 enhancer leads to reduced ACTN2 expression in differentiating cardiomyocytes.

NASA’s Cold Atom Lab has operated on the International Space Station since 2018 to study quantum gases and mature quantum technologies in Earth’s orbit. Here, Williams et al., report on a series of pathfinding experiments exploring the first quantum sensor using atom interferometry in space.

Using upgraded hardware of the multiuser Cold Atom Lab (CAL) aboard the International Space Station (ISS), Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) of two atomic isotopes are simultaneously created and used to demonstrate interspecies interactions and dual species atom interferometry in space.

Thermostability of the peptide-MHC interaction is important for immunogenicity. Here the authors present a mass spectrometry method to measure thermostability among thousands of peptide-MHC complexes in parallel and a trained artificial neural network to predict immunogenenicity of cancer antigens.

Variability in ALS disease onset and progression are poorly understood. Our work identifies three distinct molecular states in post-mortem tissue that capture some of the observed differences in patient age of onset and survival.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Jarrett Eshima and colleagues report a tool named Biodome which can aid in the recovery of volatile organic compounds from cell cultures. Their method enables the sampling of complex biological matrices and identification of volatile metabolites.

Changes in land use threaten the stability of carbon in Peru’s peatlands, which store almost as much carbon as the entirety of the above-ground Peruvian carbon stock but in 5% of the land area, according to maps of the extent and depth of peat.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated with plasma lipid levels. Here, Tabassum et al. perform genome-wide association studies for lipidomic profiles with 141 (non-standard) lipid species which highlights shared genetic loci with CVD and that traditional lipids have low genetic correlation with other lipids.

Lawsonite dehydration and release of oxidizing fluids could play an important role in sub-arc mantle oxidation in subduction zones, suggest measurements of changing oxygen fugacity in zoned garnets from Sifnos, Greece.

People recognize a word by resolving competition between similar sounding words as it unfolds over time. Here, the authors use the visual world paradigm in cochlear implant users to characterize the dimensionality of individual differences in how people resolve such lexical competition.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are key signaling enzymes, many of which lack selective inhibitors. Chan et al. pair a DUB-focused covalent library to mass spectrometry activity-based protein profiling, leading to selective hits against 23 endogenous DUBs and a first-in-class VCPIP1 probe with nanomolar potency.

A task-agnostic controller assists the user on the basis of instantaneous estimates of lower-limb biological joint moments from a deep neural network so exoskeletons can aid users across a broad spectrum of human activities.

PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition has been used for several tumour types. Here, the authors use immunohistochemistry, tumour mutation burden and RNA-seq data from 366 patients with different indications to identify molecular signatures of response to atezolizumab and reveal pathway heterogeneity and the involvement of non-immune pathways.

In this largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsies to date, the Epi25 Collaborative identified extremely rare variants that confer risk for diverse epilepsy subtypes, highlighting roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

Electrical stimulation of the neuromuscular system holds promise for therapeutic biomedical applications, but is currently restricted by power. Here, the authors introduce fully implantable resonator-based designs achieving ±20 V compliance and >300 mW output, enabling multichannel, biphasic, current-controlled operation to evoke functional gate patterns for 6-weeks in freely behaving rats.

Measurements collected during recent polynya events in the Southern Ocean reveal that these sea ice openings formed as a result of weakened stratification and severe storms and were sustained by deep overturning.

The burden of asthma varies between ancestries, but GWAS have so far focused on mainly European ancestry populations. Here, Daya et al. perform GWAS for asthma in 14,654 individuals of African ancestry and, besides confirming previously known loci, identify two potentially African ancestry-specific loci.

Susceptibility to pneumonia has a genetic component, but specific genes involved remain poorly understood. In this study, genetic signals associated with pneumonia susceptibility are identified, providing information about disease biology and potential targets for treatment.

The changes that prostate cancer (PCa) induces in its microenvironment are not fully understood. Here the authors use single-cell RNA-seq and organoids to characterise how the microenvironment responds to PCa, and also identify tumour-associated epithelial cell states and club cells.

Scale-free vertical tracking microscopy based on a ‘hydrodynamic treadmill’ enables measuring long-range movements of freely suspended organisms with high spatiotemporal resolution.

A method that uses thin sheets of X-ray radiation to generate emissions of Cherenkov luminescence can image an oxygen-sensitive molecular probe to map oxygenation in tumours in vivo at submillimetre resolution and nanomolar sensitivity.

REM-sleep behavior disorder often precedes Parkinson’s disease or dementia. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for REM-sleep behavior disorder, and discover how it potentially affects gene expression in the brain.

Interspecies comparisons between atomic optical clocks are important for several technological applications. A recently proposed spectroscopy technique extends the interrogation times of clocks, leading to highly stable comparison between species.