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Using ethnically and geographically diverse metagenomic data, the authors identify microbiota alterations associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They discover universal IBD-associated bacteria, which serve as the basis for a multibacteria biomarker panel that could support a noninvasive tool for IBD diagnosis.

Neurons in the canary premotor cortex homologue encode past song phrases and transitions, carrying information relevant to future choice of phrases as ‘hidden states’ during song.

It is not entirely understood how network plasticity produces the coding of predicted value during stimulus-outcome learning. Here, the authors reveal a reinforcing loop in distributed limbic circuits, transforming sensory stimuli into reward prediction coding broadcasted by dopamine neurons to the brain.

Rai et al. report that CAMSAPs can bind to minus ends of microtubules attached to γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) and drive microtubule release. They show that CDK5RAP2, but not CLASP2, inhibits CAMSAP-mediated microtubule release from γ-TuRC.

Rapid pressurization of hot liquid sulfur can effectively break the molecular ring structure and form a glassy state of chain molecules. Fast compression acts as thermal quenching providing an alternative way of changing the thermodynamical parameters.

1000 Genomes imputation can increase the power of genome-wide association studies to detect genetic variants associated with human traits and diseases. Here, the authors develop a method to integrate and analyse low-coverage sequence data and SNP array data, and show that it improves imputation performance.

NanoSeq is used to detect mutations in single DNA molecules and analyses show that mutational processes that are independent of cell division are important contributors to somatic mutagenesis.

HIC2 regulates the fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch. It inactivates an enhancer of the BCL11A gene, a fetal globin repressor, by reducing chromatin accessibility and displacing the transcription factor GATA1.

Stochastic pulsing of gene expression can generate phenotypic diversity in a genetically identical population of cells. Here, the authors show that stochastic pulsing in the expression of a sigma factor enables the formation of spatial patterns in a multicellular system, Bacillus subtilis bacterial biofilms.

Inspired by motile plant structures that respond passively to external stimuli, in this work the authors validate biobased cellulosic materials and bioinspired 4D-printed hygromorphic bilayers for a weather-responsive, energy-autonomous shading system with a demonstration at an architectural scale.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) episomes tether to the host chromosome via EBNA1. Here, using circular chromosome conformation capture (4C), Kim et al. identify attachment sites and show that EBV episomes preferentially associate with transcriptionally silenced genes in Burkitt lymphoma cells.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analyses in individuals of European and East Asian ancestry identify 11 new risk loci for intracranial aneurysms and highlight a polygenic architecture explaining a substantial fraction of disease heritability.

How hippocampal area CA1 and the entorhinal cortex preserve temporal memories over long timescales is not known. Here, the authors show using 7T fMRI, that temporal context memory for scene images is predicted by the re-expression of CA1 and entorhinal cortex activity patterns during subsequent encounters over a period of months.

By exploiting the interaction between light and phonons in a silica microsphere resonator it is possible to generate Brillouin scattering induced transparency, which is akin to electromagnetically induced transparency but for acoustic waves.

Cell senescence involves stable arrest of cell proliferation and changes in gene expression and 3D genome reorganization. Here, the authors show that human condensin II complex participates in reorganization of the chromatin compartments, primarily through switching from heterochromatic B to euchromatic A compartments.

Despite advances in GPCR structures and peptide design, creating high-affinity ligands remains a challenge. Here the authors develop a computational method, successfully identifying peptide-based molecules for KOR: their platform shows promise for streamlined GPCR ligand discovery.

Monolithic 3D integration of electronics based on fully 2D materials is demonstrated in the performance of artificial intelligence tasks.

E. coli maintains membrane lipid asymmetry by transferring glycerophospholipids from the outer membrane to the inner membrane; this requires outer membrane protein MlaA, periplasmic chaperone MlaC, and inner-membrane complex MlaBDEF. Here, the authors show that in some bacteria that lack MlaA and MlaC, MlaD forms a transenvelope bridge comprising a typical inner-membrane domain and, in addition, an outer-membrane domain.

Systems composed of many interacting dynamic networks exhibit complicated collective dynamics. Here, the authors study failure, damage spread and recovery in two interacting networks, constructing the phase diagram and revealing the role of triple points for optimal damage repair.

Evolutionary modelling and expert review are applied to integrate experimentally supported knowledge accumulated in the Gene Ontology knowledgebase to create a draft human gene ‘functionome’.

Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy provides access to the spatial variations in the strength of Rashba spin–orbit coupling in a two-dimensional electron system, with local fluctuations shown to cause spin dephasing.

Vascular addressins control lymphocyte homing, thus regulating immunity and inflammation, but how addressin expression is patterned remains unknown. Here the authors identify composite DNA elements (NCCEs) that bind NKX2 homeodomain proteins cooperatively with COUP-TFII to define a morphogenetic code that targets transcription of mucosal vascular addressins.

Inflammatory skin diseases are frequently associated with dysregulation of cutaneous immunity. Here the authors perform human challenge with house dust mite allergen in patients with atopic dermatitis and explore the molecular network determining tolerance versus inflammation and identify a role for metallothioneins in the modulation of allergen induced inflammation.

Multiomics profiling of circulating monocytes from young and older healthy males reveals key determinants of healthy aging, including regions of age-associated DNA hypo- and hypermethylation, cellular chromatin landscape and effect on gene expression.

The DANIO-CODE consortium leverages a large-scale multiomic dataset to improve zebrafish genome annotation. They identify ~140,000 cis-regulatory elements throughout development and perform a comparison with the mouse regulatory landscape.

Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impact on asteroid Dimophos resulted in an elliptical ejecta plume. Here, the authors show that this elliptical ejecta is due to the curvature of the asteroid and makes kinetic momentum transfer less efficient.

The accretion geometry of X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 is determined here from IXPE observations. X-ray polarization reveals a narrow funnel with reflecting walls, which focuses emission, making Cyg X-3 appear as an ultraluminous X-ray source.

Sensory stimuli are recognized faster when they are expected. Comparing a spiking network model to cortical recordings from behaving animals, Mazzucato et al. show that expectation accelerates sensory processing by modulating the intrinsically generated activity preceding stimulation.

A cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the virus ΦcrAss001 provides insights into the functions of the viral gene products in capsid assembly and infection.

Large-scale single-cell sequencing of RNA and T cell receptors in samples from patients with cancer shows clonotypic expansion of effector-like T cells not only in tumour tissue but also in normal adjacent tissues and peripheral blood, which associates with clinical response to cancer immunotherapy.

The next step after sequencing a genome is to figure out how the cell actually uses it as an instruction manual. A large international consortium has examined 1% of the genome for what part is transcribed, where proteins are bound, what the chromatin structure looks like, and how the sequence compares to that of other organisms.

Single-nucleus RNA-seq enables interrogation of complex tissues but is limited due to batch effects and processing costs. Here the authors use barcoded antibodies against the nuclear pore complex to label nuclei from distinct samples, and develop a computational tool to assign the sample of origin.

Aromatase inhibitors are an effective treatment for ER+ breast cancer, but response is variable. Here, the authors undertake molecular analyse of response from the POETIC trial and identify several factors associated with response.

The hazards of pyroclastic surges remain poorly mitigated globally. Here, the authors show that their destructiveness is amplified by turbulent excursions of dynamic pressure energy that focusses inside the largest eddies and internal gravity waves.

This Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network analysis of 283 cases of malformations of cortical development identifies 69 candidate and known genes in 76 patients. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mouse modeling implicate radial glia and daughter excitatory neurons.

Structural basis of V-ATPase regulation by endogenous proteins is unclear. Here, the authors find mEAK7 as an endogenous V-ATPase modulator and determine its structure with V-ATPase, suggesting the potential role of mEAK7 in V-ATPase regulation.

The cryo-EM structure of the IscB–ωRNA–target DNA complex provide insights into the ωRNA-guided DNA cleavage mechanism by IscB and the evolution of the type II CRISPR-Cas9 effector complexes

A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.

Recent genomic approaches are providing unprecedented opportunity to disentangle how genotype and environment affect organismal traits. The authors review the role of epigenetic variation in mediating the genotype–phenotype map across three scales: among individuals within a generation, across one or multiple generations, and long term over evolutionary time.

Mathieson et al. carried out a genome-wide association study of reproductive success (number of children born) in humans, revealing the importance of diverse neuro-endocrine and behavioural factors.

The cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the D. thermocuniculi IsrB protein in complex with its cognate ωRNA and a target DNA shows that the RNA-dominant IsrB effector complex shares a common scaffold with the protein-dominant Cas9 effector complex.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

The authors report the generation of fluorescent false neurotransmitter 200 (FFN200), a new optical probe for selectively monitoring monoamine exocytosis in cultured neurons and brain slices. Using the new tool in combination with Ca²⁺ imaging, they find functionally silent dopaminergic vesicle clusters in the striatum, with impaired exocytosis at a step downstream from Ca²⁺ influx.

The authors perform meta-analysis of GWAS studies for asthma from multiancestral cohorts. They identify five new loci and find that the asthma-associated loci are enriched near enhancer marks in immune cells.