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Summer ozone in urban Beijing increased until 2014 and then decreased, according to 15 years of measurements in August from 2006 to 2020.

Cost-efficient electrolytes are important for the development of multivalent metal batteries, but expensive precursors and complex synthesis hinder progress. The authors present a cation replacement method for low-cost, high-reversibility magnesium and calcium electrolytes, advancing high-energy-density multivalent metal batteries.

Manipulation of controllable polarization evolutions is a big challenge. The authors fabricate the irregular moirés, identifying three distinct types of moiré domains with different patterns, modulating them by external mechanical force disturbing.

Extreme myopia (EM) is a leading cause of sight impairment caused by progressive retinal degeneration. Here, the authors perform whole-exome sequencing to investigate rare protein-truncating variants among EM cases and identify KDELR3 which contributes to the pathogenesis of EM.

A fluorinated electrolyte forms a few-nanometre-thick interface both at the anode and the cathode that stabilizes lithium-metal battery operation with high-voltage cathodes.

Optical transitions between Landau levels (LL) in solids are described by selection rules associated with the LL index. Here, the authors perform photocurrent spectroscopy measurements on high-quality bilayer graphene to investigate the interband LL transitions, and observe valley-dependent optical transitions obeying unusual selection rules.

To improve the tolerance of perovskite solar cells against high temperatures and temperature variations, Dong et al. covalently cross-link two molecules in the charge transport layer to strengthen adhesion with the perovskite layer.

Poor electrochemical reversibility of the conversion-type cathode materials remains an important challenge for their practical applications. Here, the authors report a highly reversible fluoride cathode material with low hysteresis through concerted doping of cobalt and oxygen into iron fluoride.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor small-molecule inhibitor fruquintinib plus chemotherapy significantly extended progression-free survival, but not overall survival, as second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers.

Extracellular vesicle therapy has shown great potential for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Here, the authors show a silicate biomaterials-based approach to engineer extracellular vesicles from endothelial progenitor cells with high yield and bioactivity for treating myocardial infarction.

Direct CO₂ electroreduction on Cu-based catalysts has been used to produce C₂ products but yields of C₃ products have remained low. Here a CO₂ supersaturation strategy is used to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed CuAg electrode and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol.

An interfacial assembly strategy was developed to construct single-atom binary Fe/Co-Nx sites with a high accessible site density of 7.6 × 10¹⁹ sites per gram which results in increased power densities in fuel cells and Zn/air batteries.

Serine/threonine kinases (STKs) regulate the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide in bacteria through unclear mechanisms. Here, Tang et al. identify a protein that is phosphorylated by an STK and modulates the activity of a phosphoregulatory system in Streptococcus suis, thus linking STKs to capsular polysaccharide synthesis.

CO₂ electroreduction to multi-carbon products in acids remains challenging due to the low efficiency and poor stability of C–C coupling. Here, the authors show that asymmetric CO binding at confined nanointerfaces enhances multi-carbon production, improves CO₂ utilization, and limits H₂ evolution.

The construction of efficient artificial lightharvesting (ALH) systems is of vital importance in utilizing solar energy. Here, the authors report the non-covalent syntheses of double helicates by metalcoordination interaction and their applications in ALHSs and white LED device

Components for flexible electronics capable of both bending and stretching have been reported but the fabrication of similarly pliable power sources remains challenging. Here, the authors present stretchable lithium ion batteries exploiting segmented layouts and deformable electrical interconnects.

Machine-learned potentials are accurate but often lack broad applicability. Here, authors develop a general-purpose neuroevolution potential for 16 metals and their alloys, achieving efficient and accurate predictions of various physical properties.

Exceptional topology associated with higher-order exceptional points has not been completely characterised in quantum systems. Here, the authors fill this gap performing full quantum state tomography in a system composed of a superconducting qubit coupled to two cavities, one lossless and one lossy, featuring third-order exceptional points.

The genome of the flying spider-monkey tree fern and investigations on stem formation and secondary metabolite biosynthesis promote our understanding of fern evolution and arborescence, facilitating the protection and utilization of this endangered species.

Hyperferritinemic syndrome is a collective term for a group of severe inflammatory conditions distinguished by high ferritin levels, including adult-onset Still’s disease and COVID-19. Here authors show in an animal model that high ferritin levels are not just a sign of hyperinflammation but also a pathogenic factor that triggers neutrophil leukocyte activation and extracellular trap formation.

Cryo-EM structures of the mouse TRPV2 channel, combined with electrophysiology and simulations, reveal that endogenous cholesterol binds to the vanilloid binding pocket to inhibit this channel, while exogenous 2-APB binds to same pocket to open TRPV2.

DNA damage results in the acetylation of the cell-cycle checkpoint kinase WEE1 at Lys177 enabling activation. The deacetylase SIRT1 directly associates with and modifies WEE1 to inactivate it enabling resistance to WEE1 inhibition in cancer cells.

NME3 is a member of NDPK family. Here, Chen et. al., discover that histidine phosphorylatable NME3 is required for hypoxia-induced mitophagy via PA-dependent interaction with Drp1, which is protected from MUL1-mediated ubiquitination for mitophagy.

Structural changes mediated by advanced glycation end-products enhance extracellular matrix viscoelasticity, and that viscoelasticity can promote cancer progression in vivo, independent of stiffness.

Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy represents a therapeutic option for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin in resectable locally advanced HNSCC.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like phospholipids were identified as propagators of ferroptosis, whereas PAFAH2 suppressed synchronized ferroptosis and, thus, prevented tubular cell death in acute kidney injury.

Gut bacteriome dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, they authors characterize the small bowel (terminal ileum) virome and bacteriome of patients with Crohn´s Disease (CD), and show that ileal virions from CD patients causally exacerbate intestinal inflammation in IBD mouse models.

Cancer cachexia is a systemic syndrome characterized by dramatic weight loss and decline in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Here, the authors show that overexpression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a secreted cytokine, suppresses de novo lipogenesis and induces cachexia in mice.

Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-borylene complexes are capable of capturing and functionalizing CO₂, but stable single-site-boron-carbon dioxide adducts are rarely reported. Here, the authors report the synthesis of a stable borylene-CO₂ complex as well as the functionalization of the captured CO₂.

Atomically precise artificial lattices of dopant-based quantum dots offer a tunable platform for simulations of interacting fermionic models. By leveraging advances in fabrication and atomic-state control, Wang et al. report quantum simulations of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model on a 3 × 3 few-dopant quantum dot array.

A truncating variant of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-13 (17β-HSD13), a lipid droplet -associated protein, associates with lower risk of chronic liver disease. Here the authors identify a phosphorylation site in 17β-HSD13 which promotes lipolysis, and report that a knock-in mouse with a 17β-HSD13 mutant defective for phosphorylation is more susceptible to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Spontaneous monodispersion of active species and their stabilization in reductive atmospheres remain a challenge in catalytic syngas chemistry. Here the authors demonstrate that syngas-to-aromatic conversion can be significantly accelerated by the spontaneously monodispersed Fe in ZnCr₂O₄ spinel.

The exploration of topological boundary effects is one of the important aspects that could foster the development of future topological photonics devices. Here the authors propose a straightforward method to construct sharp boundaries in synthetic dimensions using a modulated ring resonator strongly coupled to an auxiliary ring.

Using molecular-beam epitaxy, we synthesize heterostructures of topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ and the Ising superconductor monolayer NbSe₂. By changing the Bi₂Se₃ thickness, they demonstrate a crossover from Ising- to Rashba-type superconducting pairing.

Minutes-scale whole-cell movements fuelled by fast cytoskeletal dynamics and nuclear activity regulate mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into chondrocytes in hydrogels, being another process modulating the stem cell fate.

Conventional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) cannot activate multiple neuron populations independently using optogenetics. Here the authors report trichromatic UCNPs with excitation-specific luminescence to allow activation of three distinct neuronal populations in the brain of awake mice.

Comprehensive profiles of tumour and microenvironment are critical to understand heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors profile 42 late-stage NSCLC patients with single-cell RNA-seq, revealing immune landscapes that are associated with cancer subtype or heterogeneity.

Welwitschia mirabilis is a unique plant that only has two leaves, but it can survive in hostile conditions of the African desert. Here, the authors report its chromosome-level genome assembly and discuss how gene function and regulation have given rise to its unique morphology and environmental adaptions.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Analysis of transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility of multiple developmental stages of the indirect-developing hemichordate Ptychodera flava shows similar transcriptional dynamics of different developmental stages across hemichordates, echinoderms and chordates.

Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are needed to fight the pandemic. Here the authors show immunogenicity of an adjuvanted subunit vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimerized with trimer-tag technology, in small animal models and protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in non-human primates.