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Looking back and thinking forwards — 15 years of cardiology and cardiovascular research

November 2019 marks 15 years since the launch of Nature Reviews Cardiology. To celebrate, we invited six of our Advisory Board members to discuss some of the highlights of cardiovascular research in the past 15 years and to make some projections about scientific research in the next 15 years.

Jonathan M. Kalman
Sergio Lavandero
Dong Zhao
Reviews30 Sept 2019
Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volume: 16, P: 651-660
Renal sympathetic denervation: applications in hypertension and beyond

Increased sympathetic activity is associated with a number of diseases, including resistant hypertension. Renal denervation is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout Europe as a treatment for this condition. The pathophysiology of this technique, its use in treating hypertension, and its potential to treat other conditions are discussed in this Review.

Michael Böhm
Dominik Linz
Christian Ukena
Reviews18 Jun 2013
Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volume: 10, P: 465-476
Ischemic brain infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, and cognitive impairment are increased in patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Krisai et al. compare brain structure and cognitive function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation using brain MRI and cognitive testing. They find that atrial fibrillation is associated with more brain lesions and lower cognitive function, but the cognitive impairment occurs primarily through direct effects of the arrhythmia rather than through brain damage.

Philipp Krisai
Stefanie Aeschbacher
Nico Ruckstuhl
ResearchOpen Access27 Jan 2026
Communications Medicine

Volume: 6, P: 1-10
A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Long Phan
Alice Gatti
Davide Scaramuzza
ResearchOpen Access28 Jan 2026
Nature

Volume: 649, P: 1139-1146
European guidelines for hypertension in 2024: a comparison of key recommendations for clinical practice

In this Expert Recommendation, Lauder and colleagues compare the latest European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension guidelines on hypertension, highlight the key consensus recommendations and compare differing approaches to definitions, classification, diagnosis and treatment, with the aim to help health-care professionals in their decision-making to improve the management of hypertension.

Lucas Lauder
Thomas Weber
Felix Mahfoud
Reviews21 Jul 2025
Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volume: 22, P: 675-688
Device-based therapies for arterial hypertension

Novel strategies to improve blood pressure control and treat drug-resistant hypertension are needed despite the efficacy and widespread availability of current antihypertensive drugs. In this Review, Mahfoud and colleagues summarize the pathophysiological rationale and available clinical evidence for device-based therapies for hypertension, including renal sympathetic denervation.

Lucas Lauder
Michel Azizi
Felix Mahfoud
Reviews14 Apr 2020
Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volume: 17, P: 614-628
36-month durability of ultrasound renal denervation for hypertension resistant to combination therapy in RADIANCE-HTN TRIO

Michael J. Bloch
Ajay J. Kirtane
Patric Kröpil
ResearchOpen Access27 Sept 2024
Hypertension Research

Volume: 47, P: 3467-3472
Arteriovenous anastomosis—next panacea for hypertension?

The ROX CONTROL HTN study demonstrated the efficacy of arteriovenous coupler therapy in patients with resistant hypertension. However, one-third of the patients developed late ipsilateral venous stenosis, which required venoplasty or stenting. Future research is needed to identify the risk–benefit ratio of this new approach.

Felix Mahfoud
Michael Böhm
News & Views03 Mar 2015
Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volume: 12, P: 197-198
Decoding the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microbiota using pan-body pan-disease microbiomics

In this large-scale metagenomics study encompassing 3,483 human host-derived samples from seven body sites, researchers identify 583 unreported single-genome bins and report 314 metagenome-disease as well as 814 biosynthetic gene-disease associations.

Georges P. Schmartz
Jacqueline Rehner
Andreas Keller
ResearchOpen Access26 Sept 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-13
Interventional therapies for pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism is the leading cause of in-hospital death and the third most frequent cause of cardiovascular death. In this Review, Mahfoud and colleagues discuss the growing range of interventional, catheter-based approaches for the treatment of pulmonary embolism as well as risk stratification and patient selection for these procedures.

Felix Götzinger
Lucas Lauder
Felix Mahfoud
Reviews12 May 2023
Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volume: 20, P: 670-684
Assessing phototoxic drug properties of hydrochlorothiazide using human skin biopsies

Human skin biopsies retrieved from body donors provide a viable tool for investigating acute molecular mechanisms involved in UV-mediated photo-carcinogenesis, shedding light on the phototoxic properties of the diuretic drug hydrochlorothiazide.

Mathias Hohl
Felix Götzinger
Michael Böhm
ResearchOpen Access06 May 2025
Communications Biology

Volume: 8, P: 1-13
Sex stratified analysis of patients with resistant hypertension from the Global SYMPLICITY Registry of renal denervation

Anastasia S. Mihailidou
Felix Mahfoud
Joachim Weil
ResearchOpen Access20 Nov 2025
Hypertension Research

Volume: 49, P: 904-915
Long-term reduction in morning and nighttime blood pressure after renal denervation: 36-month results from SPYRAL HTN-ON MED trial

Always-on” 24 h blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of renal denervation with sufficient reduction of nighttime and morning BP that is difficult to control even by office BP-guided intense titration of multiple antihypertensive drugs.

Kazuomi Kario
Felix Mahfoud
Michael Böhm
ResearchOpen Access15 Oct 2022
Hypertension Research

Volume: 46, P: 280-288
Correction: Arterial hypertension - clinical trials update 2022

Felix Götzinger
Michael Kunz
Felix Mahfoud
Amendments and Corrections15 Jul 2022
Hypertension Research

Volume: 45, P: 1528
Correction: Morphometric analysis of the human common hepatic artery reveals a rich and accessible target for sympathetic liver denervation

Abraham Rami Tzafriri
Fernando Garcia-Polite
Felix Mahfoud
Amendments and CorrectionsOpen Access06 Aug 2025
Scientific Reports

Volume: 15, P: 1-2
External validation of PreOpNet to predict 30-day mortality after major non-cardiac surgery using digital electrocardiogram

Arnaud Champetier
Pedro Lopez-Ayala
Christian Mueller
ResearchOpen Access16 Oct 2025
npj Digital Medicine

Volume: 8, P: 1-10
Illusion of revascularization: does anyone achieve optimal revascularization during percutaneous coronary intervention?

In 1993, Lincoff and Topol claimed that the thrombolytic treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was suboptimal in many patients and gave an ‘illusion of reperfusion’. In this Perspective article, the authors propose that a similar illusion of revascularization exists for contemporary percutaneous revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease and ischaemia, and identify how outcomes might be improved.

Simone Fezzi
Daixin Ding
William Wijns
Reviews07 May 2024
Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volume: 21, P: 652-662
Arterial Hypertension—clinical trials update 2023

The hypertension trials update summarizes the most important clincal trials on hypertension research in 2022 and early 2023. CTD – chlorthalidone, CV – cardiovascular, HCT – hydrochlorothiazide, SBP – systolic blood pressure, RDN – renal denervation *depicts systolic blood pressure only.

Felix Götzinger
Michael Kunz
Felix Mahfoud
Reviews13 Jul 2023
Hypertension Research

Volume: 46, P: 2159-2167
Two-year nighttime blood pressure changes after radiofrequency renal denervation: pooled results from the SPYRAL HTN trials

Kazuomi Kario
David E. Kandzari
Raymond R. Townsend
ResearchOpen Access02 Apr 2025
Hypertension Research

Volume: 48, P: 1951-1962
Arterial hypertension - clinical trials update 2022

A review to reiterate the most important clinical findings in hypertension research. AA acetaminophen, ACS acute coronary syndrome, AHF acute heart failure, ARNI angiotensin receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitor, BP blood pressure, CV cardiovascular, RDN renal artery denervation, RR risk reduction, RRR relative risk reduction, SBP systolic blood pressure.

Felix Götzinger
Michael Kunz
Felix Mahfoud
Reviews13 May 2022
Hypertension Research

Volume: 45, P: 1140-1146
Adherence to antihypertensive medication in renal denervation trials: new studies, old problems?

Lucas Lauder
Felix Mahfoud
Comments & OpinionOpen Access23 Aug 2023
Hypertension Research

Volume: 46, P: 2543-2544
Novel approaches to define responders to interventional treatment in hypertension: insights from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF and HTN-ON MED trials

Roland E. Schmieder
Douglas A. Hettrick
Raymond R. Townsend
ReviewsOpen Access14 Nov 2024
Hypertension Research

Volume: 48, P: 327-335
Predictors of blood pressure response to ultrasound renal denervation in the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO study

Manish Saxena
Roland E. Schmieder
Melvin D. Lobo
ResearchOpen Access24 May 2021
Journal of Human Hypertension

Volume: 36, P: 629-639
Morphometric analysis of the human common hepatic artery reveals a rich and accessible target for sympathetic liver denervation

Abraham Rami Tzafriri
Fernando Garcia-Polite
Felix Mahfoud
ResearchOpen Access26 Jan 2022
Scientific Reports

Volume: 12, P: 1-10
Impact of angiotensin receptor blocker product recalls on antihypertensive prescribing in Germany

Ulrike Maria Rudolph
Salka Enners
Martin Schulz
ResearchOpen Access14 Oct 2020
Journal of Human Hypertension

Volume: 35, P: 903-911
Arterial hypertension—clinical trials update 2024

This summary reviews the major clinical trials published in 2023 and early 2024. AHT – arterial hypertension, BP – blood pressure, HR – hazard ratio, OBP – office blood pressure, PRA – plasma renin activity, SBP – systolic blood pressure.

Mert Tokcan
Lucas Lauder
Felix Mahfoud
Reviews19 Sept 2024
Hypertension Research

Volume: 47, P: 3114-3125
Outcome data for renal denervation: craving the unattainable?

Lucas Lauder
Felix Mahfoud
Comments & OpinionOpen Access15 Apr 2024
Hypertension Research

Volume: 47, P: 2773-2775
Hypertension trials update

Hussam Al Ghorani
Saarraaken Kulenthiran
Felix Mahfoud
ReviewsOpen Access12 Jan 2021
Journal of Human Hypertension

Volume: 35, P: 398-409

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