Nature Search

A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Long Phan
Alice Gatti
Davide Scaramuzza
ResearchOpen Access28 Jan 2026
Nature

Volume: 649, P: 1139-1146
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinoma preclinical models

Preclinical models are essential to study disease pathogenesis and test novel treatments. Here, a broad overview of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinoma preclinical models is provided, detailing main features, advances and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models, and how they translate to human disease.

Jack Leslie
Kishore A. Krishnamurthy
Michele Vacca
Reviews26 Jan 2026
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

P: 1-32
Under the BBC's bushel

John Gribbin
Fiona Selkirk
Research08 Mar 1974
Nature

Volume: 248, P: 181-182
Prescribing safely for children

Fiona Selkink
Research01 Mar 1974
Nature

Volume: 248, P: 6-7
Single cell proteomic analysis defines discrete neutrophil functional states in human glioblastoma

Neutrophils infiltrate glioblastomas with the capacity to engage pro/anti tumoural responses. Here the authors developed proteomic workflows to stratify neutrophil heterogeneity by function. This work provides a platform to study neutrophil proteomes with single cell resolution in glioblastoma.

Pranvera Sadiku
Alejandro J. Brenes
Sarah R. Walmsley
ResearchOpen Access15 Dec 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 17, P: 1-17
Natural killer T cells: drivers or passengers in preventing human disease?

Natural killer T (NKT) cell defects have been implicated in several diseases such as autoimmunity, asthma and cancer, but will targeting them really be of clinical benefit? Here, the authors investigate this question and conclude that more careful studies are needed before the true clinical potential of NKT cell-targeted therapies can be determined.

Stuart P. Berzins
David S. Ritchie
Reviews08 Aug 2014
Nature Reviews Immunology

Volume: 14, P: 640-646
Targeting of NAT10 enhances healthspan in a mouse model of human accelerated aging syndrome

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

Gabriel Balmus
Delphine Larrieu
Stephen P. Jackson
ResearchOpen Access27 Apr 2018
Nature Communications

Volume: 9, P: 1-14
A human BRCA1 gene knockout

Marie Boyd
Fiona Harris
Donald M. Black
Research15 Jun 1995
Nature

Volume: 375, P: 541-542
Capturing disease severity in LIS1-lissencephaly reveals proteostasis dysregulation in patient-derived forebrain organoids

Here authors used patient-derived forebrain organoids to reveal how LIS1 mutations cause varying severity in a neurodevelopmental disorder, uncovering links between cytoskeletal defects, protein stress, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Lea Zillich
Matteo Gasparotto
Julia Ladewig
ResearchOpen Access13 Oct 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-16
Hepatocellular senescence induces multi-organ senescence and dysfunction via TGFβ

Kiourtis et al. show that liver senescence triggers senescence and dysfunction in other organs through TGFβ secretion from the liver.

Christos Kiourtis
Maria Terradas-Terradas
Thomas G. Bird
ResearchOpen Access13 Nov 2024
Nature Cell Biology

Volume: 26, P: 2075-2083
Changes in Plasmalogen Content of Human Heart and Skeletal Muscle with Age and Development

B. P. HUGHES
FIONA F. FRAIS
Research26 Aug 1967
Nature

Volume: 215, P: 993-994
Diffuse Galactic antimatter from faint thermonuclear supernovae in old stellar populations

The origin of Galactic positrons that produce gamma ray emission when annihilated is still debated. Mergers of two white dwarfs are likely to be the main source of these positrons. Such mergers produce sub-luminous, thermonuclear supernovae.

Roland M. Crocker
Ashley J. Ruiter
Felix Aharonian
Research22 May 2017
Nature Astronomy

Volume: 1, P: 1-6
Genome-wide association meta-analysis of childhood ADHD symptoms and diagnosis identifies new loci and potential effector genes

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Camiel M. van der Laan
Hill F. Ip
Dorret I. Boomsma
Research17 Sept 2025
Nature Genetics

Volume: 57, P: 2427-2435
DNA methylation cooperates with genomic alterations during non-small cell lung cancer evolution

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Francisco Gimeno-Valiente
Carla Castignani
Nnennaya Kanu
ResearchOpen Access10 Sept 2025
Nature Genetics

Volume: 57, P: 2226-2237
Laryngeal and ocular granulation tissue formation in two Punjabi children: Logic syndrome

J R Ainsworth
A Fiona Spencer
W R Lee
Research01 Nov 1991
Eye

Volume: 5, P: 717-722
UK seeks enhanced science links with South Korea

Fiona Gammie
News16 Mar 1995
Nature

Volume: 374, P: 205
Top 'research' universities increase their funding lead

Fiona Gammie
News10 Mar 1994
Nature

Volume: 368, P: 89
Environment agency plans come under fire

Fiona Gammie
News06 Apr 1995
Nature

Volume: 374, P: 490
Mathematics inspires office of the future

Fiona Gammie
News02 Dec 1993
Nature

Volume: 366, P: 393
Grant challenges role of peer review in an age of e-mail

Fiona Gammie
News23 Mar 1995
Nature

Volume: 374, P: 295
UK urged to back electronic publishers

Fiona Gammie
News16 Dec 1993
Nature

Volume: 366, P: 605
Ultrahigh pressure compaction-resistant thin film crosslinked composite reverse osmosis membranes

The ability to resist compaction has widespread implications for reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology. Here the authors present a class of thin-film crosslinked composite reverse osmosis membranes that resist physical compaction at ultrahigh pressures.

Jishan Wu
Javier A. Quezada-Renteria
Eric M. V. Hoek
ResearchOpen Access01 Sept 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-12
'Error of judgement' over gene safety rules

Fiona Gammie
News10 Feb 1994
Nature

Volume: 367, P: 499
Those old familiar edifices

Fiona Steele
Books & Arts17 Mar 1988
Nature

Volume: 332, P: 216
Weak evidence for human link to BSE infected meat

Fiona Gammie
News03 Feb 1994
Nature

Volume: 367, P: 402
Colin Blakemore (1944–2022)

Neuroscientist, science communicator and advocate for openness in research.

Fiona Fox
Comments & Opinion18 Jul 2022
Nature

Volume: 607, P: 444
The reward of great collaborations

Fiona Watt runs the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine at King’s College London and is an outspoken advocate for women scientists. Since April 2018, she has been on secondment as Executive Chair of the Medical Research Council, one of the major funders of biomedical research in the UK.

Fiona M. Watt
Comments & Opinion28 Aug 2018
Nature Cell Biology

Volume: 20, P: 1011
Praise for Rutherford as its future is debated

Fiona Gammie
News27 Jan 1994
Nature

Volume: 367, P: 307
Archaeological evidence of an ethnographically documented Australian Aboriginal ritual dated to the last ice age

Australian archaeological finds of 12,000-year-old fireplaces and artefacts match nineteenth-century GunaiKurnai ritual practices. They represent approximately 500 generations of cultural transmission of this ritual.

Bruno David
Russell Mullett
Carney D. Matheson
ResearchOpen Access01 Jul 2024
Nature Human Behaviour

Volume: 8, P: 1481-1492
Cornelis A. ‘Neil’ Gehrels

Neil Gehrels passed away on 6 February 2017. A pioneer of observational high-energy astrophysics, he was an exceptional leader, scholar, colleague and friend.

Fiona Harrison
Comments & Opinion04 Apr 2017
Nature Astronomy

Volume: 1, P: 1-2
Medical museum to move?

Fiona Selkirk
Research08 Mar 1974
Nature

Volume: 248, P: 97-98
Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system

Whole-genome sequencing and phenotype data sharing are introduced in a national health system to streamline diagnosis and to discover coding and non-coding variants that cause rare diseases.

Ernest Turro
William J. Astle
Willem H. Ouwehand
Research24 Jun 2020
Nature

Volume: 583, P: 96-102
Himalayan valley-floor widths controlled by tectonically driven exhumation

Himalayan valley-floor widths are controlled by long-term tectonically driven exhumation, rather than by water discharge, according to an analysis of valley-floor width and exhumation rate observations.

Fiona J. Clubb
Simon M. Mudd
Hugh D. Sinclair
ResearchOpen Access31 Jul 2023
Nature Geoscience

Volume: 16, P: 739-746
Archaeological and molecular evidence for ancient chickens in Central Asia

The origin and dispersal of the chicken across Eurasia is unclear. Here, the authors examine eggshell fragments from southern Central Asia with paleoproteomics to identify chicken eggshells, suggesting that chickens may have been an important dietary component as early as 400BCE.

Carli Peters
Kristine K. Richter
Robert N. Spengler III
ResearchOpen Access02 Apr 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-14
The oncogene AAMDC links PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling with metabolic reprograming in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer

Adipogenesis associated Mth938 Domain Containing gene (AAMDC) is frequently amplified in the IntClus2 subgroup of ER + breast cancer. Here, the authors show that AAMDC drives tumourigenesis through activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway for metabolic reprogramming.

Emily Golden
Rabab Rashwan
Pilar Blancafort
ResearchOpen Access26 Mar 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-22
Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Turajlic and colleagues assess longitudinal antibody and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in patients with cancer, following either recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, in two back-to-back reports from the CAPTURE study.

Annika Fendler
Scott T. C. Shepherd
Samra Turajlic
ResearchOpen Access27 Oct 2021
Nature Cancer

Volume: 2, P: 1305-1320
Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Jianxin Shi
Kouya Shiraishi
Qing Lan
ResearchOpen Access26 May 2023
Nature Communications

Volume: 14, P: 1-17
Mutations in Eml1 lead to ectopic progenitors and neuronal heterotopia in mouse and human

Kielar and colleagues identified mutations in the microtubule-associated protein Eml1 in patients with severe cortical heterotopia. Using animal and cell models, the authors found that Eml1 inactivation alters spindle orientation in dividing neuronal progenitors during early corticogenesis, leading to their detachment from the ventricular zone, their accumulation in the intermediate zone and the subsequent development of subcortical heterotopia.

Michel Kielar
Françoise Phan Dinh Tuy
Fiona Francis
Research25 May 2014
Nature Neuroscience

Volume: 17, P: 923-933
Federated learning for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19

Federated learning, a method for training artificial intelligence algorithms that protects data privacy, was used to predict future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using data from 20 different institutes across the globe.

Ittai Dayan
Holger R. Roth
Quanzheng Li
Research15 Sept 2021
Nature Medicine

Volume: 27, P: 1735-1743
Europe agrees to seek new climate targets

Fiona Gammie
News16 Mar 1995
Nature

Volume: 374, P: 203
Genetics test report urges moratorium on disclosure

Fiona Gammie
News09 Dec 1993
Nature

Volume: 366, P: 498
... as UK agency cuts staff to prepare for privatization

Fiona Gammie
News09 Mar 1995
Nature

Volume: 374, P: 105
Detecting genomic islands using bioinformatics approaches

The identification of genomic islands in bacterial genomes is becoming increasingly important. In this Analysis article, Fiona Brinkman and colleagues look at the limitations and benefits of the major computational methods that are available for genomic island prediction.

Morgan G. I. Langille
William W. L. Hsiao
Fiona S. L. Brinkman
Research01 May 2010
Nature Reviews Microbiology

Volume: 8, P: 373-382
Risk of pesticide pollution at the global scale

Pesticide pollution is a risk for two-thirds of agriculture land. A third of high-risk areas are in high-biodiversity regions and a fifth are in low- and lower-middle-income areas, according to environmental modelling combined with pesticide application data.

Fiona H. M. Tang
Manfred Lenzen
Federico Maggi
Research29 Mar 2021
Nature Geoscience

Volume: 14, P: 206-210
Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

William Hill
Emilia L. Lim
Charles Swanton
Research05 Apr 2023
Nature

Volume: 616, P: 159-167
How raindrops fall

Exploding drops produce miniature showers.

Fiona Tomkinson
News20 Jul 2009
Nature
The interplay of acute cortisol response and trait affectivity in associating with stress resilience

Lee et al. identify a positive relationship between life stress and current psychological symptoms in individuals with low, but not high, cortisol response and positive affectivity.

Robin Shao
Idy S. C. Man
Tatia M. C. Lee
ResearchOpen Access17 Feb 2023
Nature Mental Health

Volume: 1, P: 114-123
The DoGA consortium expression atlas of promoters and genes in 100 canine tissues

The Dog Genome Annotation (DoGA) study is based on 5’ transcriptomics of 132 dog tissues. Here the authors identify over 100,000 promoters and provide an expression atlas to facilitate regulatory understanding of disease, morphology and behavior.

Matthias Hörtenhuber
Marjo K. Hytönen
Hannes Lohi
ResearchOpen Access21 Oct 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-12
MHC Hammer reveals genetic and non-genetic HLA disruption in cancer evolution

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loss of heterozygosity, allele-specific mutation and measurement of expression and repression (MHC Hammer) detects disruption to human leukocyte antigens due to mutations, loss of heterogeneity, altered gene expression or alternative splicing. Applied to lung and breast cancer datasets, the tool shows that these aberrations are common across cancer and can have clinical implications.

Clare Puttick
Thomas P. Jones
Nicholas McGranahan
ResearchOpen Access02 Oct 2024
Nature Genetics

Volume: 56, P: 2121-2131
Women 'should fill a quarter of top scientific posts'

Fiona Gammie
News03 Mar 1994
Nature

Volume: 368, P: 8

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