Search

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

α,β-Unsaturated δ-lactones (AUDLs) such as fostriecin are key pharmacophores of various reduced polyketides exhibiting potent biological activity, so elucidation of their biosynthesis is of interest. Here, the authors determine the enzymatic steps responsible for AUDL formation in fostriecin biosynthesis and that the terminal polyketide synthase module FosMod8 produces a 3-O-malonyllactone by the unusual bifunctional thioesterase FosTE, which catalyses O-malonylation and subsequent lactonisation.

This work challenges the view of nucleation governing halide perovskite grain morphology, showing that most additives act post-nucleation by boosting ion mobility across grain boundaries, triggering grain coarsening, similar to post-processing effects.

It remains a challenge to achieve a balance between performance and stability, as well as addressing the environmental impact of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors propose a multimodal host-guest complexation strategy enabling these shortcomings to be addressed simultaneously.

Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors here find that IL1B gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes associates with smaller HIV-1 reservoir size in people treated during acute infection, suggesting IL1B may be a natural latency reversing factor decreasing the reservoir via NF-κB activation.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Here, employing proteomics profiling, the authors identify RPLP1 to be highly expressed in long-term non-progressors of HIV-1 infection. Functional validation shows that RPLP1 inhibits transcription of HIV-1 group M subtype B strains by blocking C/EBPβ binding sites, while RPLP1 knock-down promotes HIV-1 reactivation.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Here, Olari et al show that alpha-synuclein enhances HIV-1 entry and replication in human T cells, macrophages and microglia which may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disease.

The restructuring of carbon-based supports under reaction conditions limits catalyst stability for vinyl chloride synthesis. Here, the authors report that hydrogen chloride generates defect sites on carbon nitride supports, promoting acetylene polymerization and accelerating catalyst deactivation.

The interferon-inducible RNA-binding protein N4BP1 binds to and degrades HIV-1 mRNAs, thus inhibiting viral degradation and promoting viral latency. However, metacaspase-mediated degradation of N4BP1 following activation of CD4⁺ T cells facilitates HIV-1 latency reversal.

Mechanisms underlying excess risk of heart failure among people with HIV are unclear. Here, the authors identify a proteomic signature enriched in immune activation and extracellular matrix remodeling that may reflect shared pathways in HIV and aging that contribute to risk of heart failure.

An attack upon the discipline of economics, from within, is repulsed.

Relapsed disease after conventional cancer treatments is an obstacle in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-based targeted therapy. Here the authors show that tolerance to the EGFR inhibitor osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer is mediated by the effects of miR-147b on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pseudohypoxia pathways, which can be manipulated with a miR-147b inhibitor.

Two evolutionarily distant SMC–kleisin complexes are shown to contain a bendable coiled-coil discontinuity near the middle of their arms, which permits a folded conformation with potential implications for DNA loading and translocation.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

This study uses gene expression predictors for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other brain regions to perform a transcriptomic imputation analysis of schizophrenia, identifying 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions and 36 significantly enriched pathways.

High-speed, high-resolution optics-based printing typically requires femtosecond pulsed lasers. We demonstrate optical printing using indigo-blue laser diodes and a red continuous-wave laser, achieving a peak printing rate of 7 × 10⁶ voxels s^–1 at a voxel volume of 0.55 µm³.

Peptide arrays are used in areas such as measuring protein-protein interactions, but achieving high density in synthesis is challenging. Here, the authors report a method for the combinatorial synthesis of high density peptides arrays by laser driven sequential transfer of monomers onto acceptor surfaces.

The tetronate ring appears in several natural products, but the biosynthetic path to this structure has proven elusive. Reconstitution of a polyketide assembly line and in vitro assays with a chemically synthesized intermediate now point to a single enzyme as catalyzing ring formation.

Observations from the Lucy spacecraft of the small main-belt asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh reveals unexpected complexity, with a longitudinal trough and equatorial ridge, as well as the discovery of the first contact binary satellite.

Aging is a key risk factor for chronic diseases of the elderly. Here the authors perform large-scale miRNA profiling of blood from individuals of a range of ages and show that common diseases alter the physiological age-related blood microRNA profile.

The cellular function of small GTPases is regulated by switching between active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) states. Here the authors develop nucleotide analogues that can be covalently linked to GTPases via a strategically placed cysteine residue to lock the target GTPase in defined activation states.

Mutated enzymes are useful tools for the investigation of the biosynthetic routes to natural products. Now, they are used in a new approach to carry functionalized substrates through the synthesis and produce simplified or modified unnatural compounds with useful properties.

Over the past 620,000 years, three distinct phases of climate variability in eastern Africa coincided with shifts in hominin evolution and dispersal, according to an analysis of environmental proxy records from a core collected in the Chew Bahir basin of Ethiopia.

Understanding the drivers of forest losses and their economic implications is key to designing efficient climate policies. This study simulates market-driven land-use decisions to identify the factors contributing to forest losses, revealing such losses, their trends, temporal variation and social value.

Intense, coherent X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser can be used to obtain high-resolution morphology of individual sub-micrometre particles in their native state, while at the same time their composition is analysed by mass spectrometry.

Typically, microbial methane production occurs under oxygen-free conditions and abiotic methane production occurs under harsh conditions. Here, the authors show methane production from organosulphur compounds under ambient conditions, suggesting a role for these compounds in methane formation in the environment.

The pathogenesis of HIV-1 is markedly different to that of most simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Frank Kirchhoff proposes a model in which the presence ofvpuin HIV-1 and a small number of SIV strains allowed changes in the Nef proteins that contribute to these differences.

Many individual genetic risk loci associate with multiple diseases, but the molecular basis of these loci often remains unclear. Here, the authors provide a framework to reveal the genetic cross-disease associations at the PROCR vascular disease locus.

The original Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) is expanded with deeper characterization of over 1,000 cell lines, including genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, and integration with drug-sensitivity and gene-dependency data.

BET-bromodomain inhibitors could be used to treat medulloblastoma tumors with Myc amplifications. Here, the authors show that both the response and resistance to BET inhibitors in mice is mediated by bHLH/homeobox transcription factors.

Z-lock is introduced as a new method to control protein activity with light. It relies on a steric block placed over important regions of the target protein that can be released reversibly. Z-lock was applied to regulate cofilin and αTAT activity.