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Tasha Fingerlin, David Schwartz and colleagues report a genome-wide association study of fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Their results confirm known risk variants at MUC5B and TERT and identify several new regions associated with disease susceptibility.

Using viral capsid architectures as template for design, higher triangulation number nanocages that require symmetry breaking offer potential advances in targeted delivery and antigen-displaying vaccines.

The team of authors led by Seon-Kyeong Jang use whole-genome sequencing data and show that rare genetic variants explain much of the ‘missing heritability’ in smoking behaviours. These results help address a long-standing mystery in behavioural genetics.

Resident microglia in the central nervous system are identified as the specific macrophage population that regulates myelin growth and integrity.

An exciting genome-wide association study in the British population for seven common diseases. This analysis confirms previously identified loci and provides strong evidence for many novel disease susceptibility loci.

Accurate forecasts of hurricane intensity remain problematic. Here, using an ocean observing network to inform ocean and atmospheric model simulations, the authors show that consideration of ahead-of-eye cooling improves intensity forecasts.

Mutations in a protein active site can alter function in useful ways, but the active site is sensitive to changes. Here the authors present a general strategy to design combinatorial mutation libraries. Applied to GFP, the authors isolate thousands of fluorescent designs that exhibit large and useful changes in spectral properties.

This study presents a predictive equation for total energy expenditure derived from doubly labelled water measurements. Applying this equation to two large datasets (the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) shows that the misreporting of total energy intake is greater than 50%, with important implications for macronutrient availability.

The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network reports an integrative analysis of more than 400 samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on genomic, DNA methylation, RNA and proteomic characterisation; frequent mutations were identified in the PI(3)K/AKT pathway, suggesting this pathway might be a potential therapeutic target, among the findings is also a demonstration of metabolic remodelling which correlates with tumour stage and severity.

The antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines varies among individuals. Here the authors find that older age, male sex, smoking, higher BMI, vaccine type, and certain comorbidities are associated with lower anti-S1 antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccinations, indicating that certain groups might benefit from higher frequency or doses of vaccination.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

Heart failure is a complex syndrome that is associated with many different underlying risk factors. Here, to increase power, the authors jointly analyse cases of heart failure of different aetiologies in a genome-wide association study and identify 11 loci of which ten had not been previously reported.

A consortium reports the tripling of the number of genetic markers in Phase II of the International HapMap Project. This map of human genetic variation will continue to revolutionize discovery of susceptibility loci in common genetic diseases, and study of genes under selection in humans.

The lineage-specific receptor CSF1R controls macrophage development and homeostasis. Here the authors show that deletion of a conserved Csf1r enhancer (FIRE) selectively depletes brain microglia and resident macrophages in the epidermis, kidney, heart and peritoneum of otherwise healthy mice.

Low total energy expenditure (TEE) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but longitudinal repeatability of TEE is incompletely understood. Here the authors report that TEE is repeatable for adults, but not for children, and increases in TEE (adjusted for fat-free mass, fat mass, age and sex) are not associated with body composition changes in short-term longitudinal analyses.

The APOE4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this manuscript, Butovsky and colleagues suggest that APOE4 impairs the microglial response in AD by inducing TGFβ-mediated checkpoints.

Precise mass and radius measurements of giant planet WASP-193 b find an extremely low density of 0.059 ± 0.014 g cm⁻³. Current evolutionary models cannot fully explain such a low density, but the extended atmosphere makes WASP-193 b very suitable for high-precision characterization via JWST.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are being evaluated for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the setting of vertical transmission. Here, using a macaque model of perinatal SHIV infection, the authors show that PEP for infant macaques within 30–48 h of SHIV exposure is highly effective using either bNAbs or ART.

It remains critical to identify colorectal cancers (CRC) that will disseminate as early as possible. Here, the authors identify CRC tumours that are aggressive and prone to early dissemination, characterised by epithelial TGFβ and growth-factor signalling - which could be targeted with MEK/EGFR inhibitors.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a strong ethnic and gender bias. In a transancestral genetic association study, Langefeldet al. identify 24 novel regions associated with risk to lupus and propose a cumulative hits hypothesis for loci conferring risk to SLE.

Magnetic-field induced phase transitions in spin-ice materials have been investigated with various experimental techniques. Here, the authors demonstrate the capability of capacitive torque magnetometry in probing magnetic interaction energies and establishing magnetic phase boundaries in Ho₂Ti₂O₇.

Colorectal tumors with mutated KRAS and APC require the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 to drive tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, SLC7A5 drives transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming by maintaining intracellular amino acid levels, leading to enhanced protein synthesis.

Renewable policy standards have been instrumental in the growth of renewable energy in US states. Through a ranking of policy stringency and interviews with industry stakeholders, researchers show the significance of stringency and other policy design features towards a standard’s effectiveness.

The genetic basis of clear cell sarcomas of the kidney is not well understood. In this study, Roy et al. perform whole-exome and RNA sequencing of these tumours and identify recurrent internal tandem duplications in BCOR, a key constituent of a variant polycomb repressive complex.

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a major role in the DNA damage response upon double-strand break formation. Here, the authors show that the DNA-PK inhibitor AZD7648, enhances the activity of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and the PARP inhibitor olaparib in multiple mouse tumour models.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new risk loci for CAC. Functional evidence implicates candidate causal genes as regulators of smooth muscle cell-mediated calcification.

Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are a powerful tool for neuroscience, but the standard DREADD ligand, CNO, has significant drawbacks. Here the authors report two novel high-potency DREADD ligands and a novel DREADD radiotracer for imaging purposes.

In a phase 2 trial of adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable/growing plexiform neurofibromas, treatment with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib resulted in an objective response rate of 63.6% and improvement in other patient outcomes, with additional biopsy-based data providing further information on drug activity.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of prostate cancer performed in 156,319 cases and 788,443 controls identifies 187 novel risk variants associated with the disease. Genetic risk scores associated with overall risk, and risk of aggressive disease in men of African ancestry.

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals from the Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age documents large-scale movement of people from the European continent between 1300 and 800 bc that was probably responsible for spreading early Celtic languages to Britain.

Activation of nested, but not discrete, neural circuits drives alternative courtship songs in male Drosophila melanogaster, providing further insight into how the nervous system can drive the same motor systems to rapidly switch between different actions.

Genome-wide analyses in over one million self-reported cases and controls identify genetic variants associated with stuttering and find genetic correlations with autism, depression and impaired musical rhythm, supporting a potential neurological basis for stuttering.

Interdisciplinary work in the life sciences at the boundaries of biology, chemistry and physics is making enormous strides. This progress was showcased at the recent Single Molecule Biophysics conference.

There is lack of therapies targeting the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene in fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS). Here, the authors identify and characterise an inhibitor with highest inhibition of histone lysine demethylase 3B that suppresses PAX3-FOXO1 activity in FP-RMS.

The Cancer Genome Atlas reports on molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas and proposes a new classification of gastric cancers into 4 subtypes, which should help with clinical assessment and trials of targeted therapies.

An integrated transcriptome, genome, methylome and proteome analysis of over 200 lung adenocarcinomas reveals high rates of somatic mutations, 18 statistically significantly mutated genes including RIT1 and MGA, splicing changes, and alterations in MAPK and PI(3)K pathway activity.

MSK-IMPACT is a clinical sequencing platform able to detect genomic mutations, copy number alterations and structural variants in a panel of cancer-related genes. This assay is implemented prospectively to inform patient enrollment in genomically matched clinical trials at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Sequencing results of tumor and matched normal tissue from a cohort of >10,000 patients with detailed clinical annotation provide an overview of the genomic landscape of advanced solid cancers and bring new insights into molecularly guided cancer therapy.

The band topology of nonmagnetic crystals can be characterized by Topological Quantum Chemistry (TQC), whereas the band topology of magnetic crystals remains unexplored. Here, the authors extend TQC to the magnetic space groups to form a complete, real-space theory of band topology in magnetic and nonmagnetic crystalline solids.

The results of the phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 clinical trial has recently established the efficacy of the RET inhibitor selpercatinib in RET-driven cancers. Here, the authors characterize the molecular determinants of response and resistance in 72 LIBRETTO-001 lung and thyroid cancer patients treated at a single site.

Sequencing data from two large-scale studies show that most of the genetic variation influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes involves common alleles and is found in regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies, clarifying the genetic architecture of this disease.

Single-cell RNA profiling of human cystic fibrosis proximal airway tissue reveals an overabundance of epithelial cells transitioning to specialized ciliated and secretory cells coupled with a decrease in cycling basal cells.

An integrative genomic analysis of several hundred endometrial carcinomas shows that a minority of tumour samples carry copy number alterations or TP53 mutations and many contain key cancer-related gene mutations, such as those involved in canonical pathways and chromatin remodelling; a reclassification of endometrial tumours into four distinct types is proposed, which may have an effect on patient treatment regimes.

FlyWire presents a neuronal wiring diagram of the whole fly brain with annotations for cell types, classes, nerves, hemilineages and predicted neurotransmitters, with data products and an open ecosystem to facilitate exploration and browsing.