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Jovian cusps are not well-known due to limited observations. Here, the authors show that the characteristics of charged particles in the Jovian cusps are similar to those of the Earth and Saturn cusps, and Jupiter’s polar cusp is located in the dusk-side sector, contradicting Earth-based predictions of a near-noon location.

A systematic change in Jupiter’s magnetic field can be detected by collating all data obtained in the last 45 years by multiple spacecraft, from Pioneer 10 to Juno. Such variation can be attributed to the zonal winds, which advect the magnetic field from the deep atmospheric layers.

Jupiter’s magnetodisk mediates mass, momentum, and energy exchange between Jupiter’s atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, and moon tori. Here, the authors show that pressure anisotropy-driven instabilities regulate its nonequilibrium dynamics.

The detection of the auroral footprint of Jupiter’s moon Callisto is challenging, but a shift in Jupiter’s bright main auroral oval could provide an opportunity for potential detections. Here, the authors show observation of the ultraviolet footprint of Callisto using Juno spacecraft data, benefiting from such opportunity.

An axisymmetric, equatorial jet in Jupiter’s interior has a wavelike fluctuation with a 4-year period, revealing hidden aspects of the magnetic field within the metallic hydrogen region and constraining the dynamo that generates the magnetic field.

A reanalysis of the Voyager 2 flyby of Uranus shows that it occurred during an extreme compression of the planet’s magnetosphere by the upstream solar wind. This would have had significant effects on the measurements made during the flyby.

High-resolution observations confirm that Jupiter’s global upper atmosphere is heated by transport of energy from the polar aurora.

Intense electromagnetic impulses induced by Jupiter’s lightning can produce both low-frequency dispersed whistler emissions and non-dispersed radio pulses. Here, the authors show Jupiter dispersed pulses associated with Jovian lightning that are evidence of low density holes in Jupiter’s ionosphere.

By measuring the tidal deformation of Io as it orbits Jupiter using Juno Doppler and historically available data, the hypothesis of a shallow global magma ocean in Io is shown to be false.

The determination of Jupiter’s even gravitational moments by the Juno spacecraft reveals that more than three thousand kilometres below the cloud tops, differential rotation is suppressed and the gas giant’s interior rotates as a solid body.

Maps of Jupiter’s internal magnetic field at a range of depths reveal an unusual morphology, suggesting that Jupiter’s dynamo, unlike Earth’s, does not operate in a thick, homogeneous shell.

The Juno spacecraft’s observations of magnetic field perturbations in Jupiter’s polar regions show Birkeland currents associated with aurorae that are weaker than anticipated and filamentary in nature. An asymmetry is observed between the northern and southern auroras.

The process that generates Earth’s most intense aurora is found to occur at Jupiter, but is of only secondary importance in generating Jupiter’s much more powerful aurora.

Potential similarities between Jovian and Earth lightning are helpful to understand involved properties. Here, the authors show that the Jovian lightning initiation processes are similar to those of intracloud lightning at Earth.

A transition between the supersonic solar wind and the subsonic heliosheath happens at the 'termination shock'. This paper reports observations of the magnetic field structure and dynamics of the termination shock, made by Voyager 2 on 31 August–1 September 2007 at 83.7 au from the Sun. The data revealed a complex shock of moderate strength undergoing reformation on a scale of a few hours, rather than the expected days

Small lightning flashes detected on Jupiter by Juno have shallow origins above the 2-bar level of Jupiter’s atmosphere where temperatures are too low for liquid water to exist.

The Waves instrument on board the Juno spacecraft has detected ~1,600 lightning strokes in roughly 1 year of close approaches to Jupiter, indicated by low-dispersion rapid whistlers much shorter than those detected by Voyager 1 in Io’s plasma torus.

The determination of Jupiter’s odd gravitational harmonics by the Juno spacecraft reveals that the observed jet streams extend to about three thousand kilometres below the cloud tops.

Precise Doppler tracking of the Juno spacecraft in its polar orbit around Jupiter is used to determine the planet’s gravity harmonics, showing north–south asymmetry caused by atmospheric and interior flows.

Visible and infrared images obtained from above each pole of Jupiter by the Juno spacecraft reveal polygonal patterns of large cyclones; it is unknown how these cyclones evolved, or how they persist without merging.