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Modelling studies suggest that oceanic mesoscale eddies play an important role in the global transport of heat and salt, yet there are few direct observations. Dong et al.present a method to calculate eddy transport through the use of satellite data and Argo profiles and confirm model-based estimates.

Eddies and other mesoscale processes are thought to enhance biological production in the ocean, particularly in nutrient-limited regions. Satellite data and model simulations suggest that eddies suppress production in eastern boundary upwelling systems.

The authors use data from underwater gliders, satellites and numerical simulations and show that submesoscale motions at ocean eddy edges pump heat upward, forming “warm rings” and a ~ 0.4 °C warming in the Lofoten Basin—a key pathway for Atlantic water heat loss.

Levitation of macroscopic objects in a vacuum is crucial for developing innovative inertial and pressure sensors, as well as exploring the relation between quantum mechanics and gravity. Here, the authors demonstrate a conducting rotor diamagnetically levitated in an axially symmetric magnetic field in high vacuum, with minimal rotational damping.

Most of the ocean kinetic energy is contained in the large scale geostrophic currents and the pathways of energy toward dissipation are still in question. Here, the authors show that flow-topography interactions can generate submesoscale wakes and provide an efficient route to energy dissipation.

Models of turbulent flows are often simulated in the laboratory, in sampling areas with dimensions <1 m. Here, the authors exploit a natural snowstorm to quantify turbulent flows, exploring the complex dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer around a 2.5-MW utility-scale wind turbine.

Contrary to current model predictions, this study shows that rapid permafrost thaw in well drained uplands leads to exceedingly high methane emissions ( ~ 10-60 times higher than expected) from deeply-thawed yedoma soils, particularly in winter.

The observed continuum of ocean internal wave energy can be formed rapidly through the modification of wind-forced near-inertial waves by oceanic eddies, suggest high-resolution model simulations in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean.

Sydnor et al. developed a new tractography atlas of thalamocortical structural connections and applied it to three youth samples. They uncovered coordinated development between thalamic connectivity and hierarchical cortical plasticity in humans.

RNAi therapy has huge potential but effective delivery to target location is a major issue. Here, the authors report on the delivery of RNAi to tumors using self-agglomerating nanohydrogels that can overcome the different delivery barriers and supply multiple RNAi payloads.

Halving average drainage depths in agricultural peatlands could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the equivalent of 1 per cent of all anthropogenic emissions.

Eastern boundary coastal upwelling systems are locations of high ocean productivity. Numerical simulations reveal that wind alters current- and eddy-driven nutrient supply, which affects net primary productivity in the California Current system.

Boron isotopes in cold-water corals reveal that acidification in the California Current and Salish Sea has outpaced atmospheric CO₂ over the industrial era, posing a threat to ecosystems of ecological, cultural and economic value.

Observations from the JWST show the presence of a spectral absorption feature at 4.05 μm arising from SO₂ in the atmosphere of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-39b, which is produced by photochemical processes and verified by numerical models.

Pumice rafts result from volcanic eruptions into and onto water, and can be extensive and potentially hazardous, but tracking their dispersal is difficult. Jutzeler et al.combine satellite imagery and an ocean model to accurately forecast pumice raft dispersal routes.

Hidden marine heatwaves, associated with ocean eddies that modulate undersea internal waves, threaten coastal ecosystems by driving unexpected sub-surface heating and severe coral bleaching and mortality across depths.

Climate warming increases evapotranspiration (ET) more in boreal peatlands than in forests. Observations show that peatland ET can exceed forest ET by up to 30%, indicating a stronger warming response in peatlands. Earth system models do not fully account for peatlands and hence may underestimate future boreal ET.

Color center magnetometry enables spin-wave imaging in complex magnetic textures. This work overcomes key limitations of current approaches by decoupling sensor spins from control fields and using diamond and hBN color centers for complementary frequency operation, achieving isofrequency imaging of field-controlled spin waves.

Extensive measurements of the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia from wastewater treatment facilities in the USA present higher values than are currently stated in national inventories. The results of this analysis show that greenhouse gas and nitrogenous emissions from the wastewater sector are often overlooked and that their impact on climate should be reassessed.

Active fluids exhibit regimes with a complex spatio-temporal structure reminiscent of inertial turbulence. Now, inertial and active turbulence are theoretically shown to be closely related indeed.

The Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project reveals robust jet stream and storm track responses to Arctic sea-ice loss that are separable from internal variability, and the model diversity provides pathways to constrain the real-world response

Turbulent energy cascades can be arrested by non-dissipative viscosities, resulting in pattern formation at intermediate length scales.

Translational neurodegeneration needs characterisation of the downstream consequences of synaptic loss. A multimodal imaging approach reveals that synaptic loss affects clinical severity via reduced connectivity in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Ground truthed thermal data from a new NASA satellite combined with experimental warming data from three continents in an empirical model suggests that tropical forests are closer to a high temperature threshold than previously thought.

The authors reveal that the ocean right above the sloping seafloor flows on average downhill and that this downhill flow recirculates upward in the overlying water column using ocean velocity observations and numerical ocean simulations.

Silane, which is a precursor to the sandy surfaces of rocky planets and dusty clouds on gas giants, is seen directly in another world—a low-metallicity brown dwarf in which oxidation is slow and gas mixing is fast.

The authors link intensification of cold upwelling in two western boundary currents to the observed death of marine organisms, and upwelling avoidance behaviour in bull sharks. They raise concerns of increased risk of cold-mortality events for climate migrants at their poleward distribution limits.

Before the rise of oxygen, the atmosphere of the early Earth may have consisted of an organic haze. Geochemical data and modelling suggest that from 2.65 to 2.5 Gyr ago, several transitions between hazy and haze-free atmospheric conditions occurred, potentially linked to variations in biogenic methane production.

This study investigates the role of water in the lower-most stratosphere, affecting dynamics of the stratosphere and troposphere, and shows that common water vapor transport schemes can cause biases, present in nearly all modern climate models.

The transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b is obtained using observations from the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument aboard the JWST.

Three key axes of variation of ecosystem functional changes and their underlying causes are identified from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes and climate zones.