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This study identifies key neurocognitive domains that distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals using machine learning. Analyzing data from 1,304 participants, it demonstrates that verbal learning and emotion identification effectively classify conditions, promoting efficient neurocognitive profiling strategies.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

The study reports the arrival of avian influenza H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b into the Indian Ocean sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen. Using phylogeographic analyses, the virus likely came from the distant South Georgia islands.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

The gH-associated tropism and entry (GATE) complex consists of glycoprotein H, UL116 and UL141. This complex is abundant on human cytomegalovirus virions and enables entry into human endothelial cells.

The genome sequence of segmental allotetraploid peanut suggests that diversity generated by genetic deletions and homeologous recombination helped to favor the domestication of Arachis hypogaea over its diploid relatives.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A proteomic risk score for cardiorespiratory fitness, comprising as few as 21 proteins, is dynamic with exercise training and helps predict the risk of mortality and a range of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological conditions.

An analysis of the impact of logging intensity on biodiversity in tropical forests in Sabah, Malaysia, identifies a threshold of tree biomass removal below which logged forests still have conservation value.

Subsets of ILC3s upregulate the immunoregulatory checkpoint molecule CTLA-4 after stimulation in a microbiota-dependent manner, and advances to support CTLA-4⁺ ILC3s may represent a treatment opportunity in IL-23-driven chronic inflammation.

Nonlinear light-matter coupling has applications in quantum technologies, for instance in quantum-non-demolition measurements, but its strength is typically limited. Here the authors demonstrate near-ultrastrong nonlinear light-matter coupling in a superconducting circuit with two transmons and a quarton coupler.

Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

Machine learning is increasingly used to support IVF pretreatment prognostic counseling. Here, the authors find that center-specific models improved IVF live birth predictions over a US registry model, and draw conclusions for improving IVF access, affordability and patient-centric counseling.

Microscopy artifacts and tissue imperfections interfere with single-cell analysis. CyLinter software offers quality control for high-plex tissue profiling by removing artifactual cells, thereby facilitating accuracy of biological interpretation.

Only praziquantel is available for treating schistosomiasis, a disease affecting >200 million people. Here, the authors identify compounds active against schistosome infections meeting the criteria for lead progression indicated by WHO with better activity against juvenile worms than praziquantel.

HIV-1 infection in humans and SIV infection in rhesus macaques are associated with mucosal damage to the gastrointestinal tract, microbial translocation and chronic immune activation. Here the authors develop a non-human primate DSS colitis model that recapitulates these aspects of the disease in uninfected rhesus macaques.

A cell-based phenotypic screen led to the discovery of compounds called NVS-STGs, which bind to the N-terminal domain of STING and act as a molecular glue to induce higher-order oligomerization and activation.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Petrels are wide-ranging, highly threatened seabirds that often ingest plastic. This study used tracking data for 7,137 petrels of 77 species to map global exposure risk and compare regions, species, and populations. The results show higher exposure risk for threatened species and stress the need for international cooperation to tackle marine litter.

The RNA endonuclease CPSF3 was identified as the cellular efficacy target of the small molecule JTE-607, revealing pre-mRNA processing as a vulnerability in cancers such as Ewing’s sarcoma that are characterized by aberrant transcription.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis, combined with transcriptome- and methylome-wide association analyses, identifies risk loci associated with colorectal cancer. Credible effector genes and their target tissues are also highlighted, showing that over a third probably act outside the colonic mucosa.

Understanding the molecular and phenotypic profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) in West Africa is important for early detection and treatment. Here, the authors use a multigene next-generation sequencing panel to identify genomic differences in Nigerian CRCs compared to those from TCGA and MSKCC cohorts.

The liver is the most common site of metastasis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, the authors demonstrate that β-glucan, a microbial component associated with trained immunity, activates liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and prevents PDAC metastasis to the liver

3D higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) exhibit 1D hinge states depending on extrinsic sample details, while intrinsic features of HOTIs remain unknown. Here, K.S. Lin et al. introduce the framework of spin-resolved topology to show that helical HOTIs can realize a doubled axion insulator phase with nontrivial partial axion angles.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Efforts to rationally engineer nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes have focused on making individual modifications. Here the authors describe a targeted random engineering approach that uses thousands of NRPS domains amplified from the soil metagenome for mass substitution experiments.

A high-throughput DNA-encoded library (DEL)-based screening approach was developed for the discovery of proximity-inducing small molecules.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

ILC3s expressing MHC class II control the fate of inflammatory versus tolerogenic T cells that respond to the microbiota by selecting for antigen-specific RORγt⁺ T_reg cells and against T_H17 cells, establishing intestinal homoeostasis.

An extensive map of human DNase I hypersensitive sites, markers of regulatory DNA, in 125 diverse cell and tissue types is described; integration of this information with other ENCODE-generated data sets identifies new relationships between chromatin accessibility, transcription, DNA methylation and regulatory factor occupancy patterns.

Time-series observations from the JWST of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b show gaseous water in the planet’s atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of methane.

The hyperfine states of ultracold polar molecules are a strong candidate for storing quantum information. Identifying and eliminating all detectable causes of decoherence has extended the qubit coherence time beyond 5.6 s in RbCs molecules.

SARS-CoV-2 and its variants can be visually detected via easy-to-use Cas13-based nucleic acid tests leveraging lyophilised reagents and fast sample inactivation at ambient temperature.

A survey of sharks and rays on coral reefs within 66 marine protected areas across 36 countries showcases that the conservation benefits of full MPA protection to sharks almost double when accompanied by effective fisheries management.

A newly developed RIPK3 inhibitor blocks necroptosis of lung cells, reduces lung inflammation and prevents mortality in a mouse model of influenza A virus infection.

A route to the synthesis of hindered ethers is developed, in which electrochemical oxidation is used to liberate high-energy carbocations that are then captured by an alcohol.

Lithium nitride is the only stable binary alkali metal-nitrogen compound and shows promise for energy applications involving the transport of lithium ions. Here, the authors demonstrate that lithium nitride nanostructures can be grown as fibres and sheets despite the absence of a van der Waals gap.