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Real-life plastic waste exists as complex mixtures, posing a challenge for efficient upcycling. Now a sunlight-powered thermocatalytic process using a Ni-based catalyst converts a plastic mixture into CH₄, H₂O and HCl. Notably, chlorine poisoning is minimized through temperature modulation driven by the diurnal sunlight cycle.

Here the authors show that the growth plate (GP)-epiphysis interface possesses a strong modulus transition and acts as a mineralization inhibition zone, while the GP-metaphysis interface has a gradual transition and stimulates bone formation. They also identify proteins at these boundaries which inhibit or promote bone mineralization.

The myeloperoxidase homolog, PXN, is secreted into the hemolymph of crayfish and binds to the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) protein, VP28, extracellularly. PXN-VP28 then interacts with LGBP, which in turn promotes AP-1 nuclear translocation and expression of Cru1, thereby inhibiting WSSV assembly and crayfish reinfection.

This study describes sensing of circulating cell-free DNA after stroke as the mechanism leading to recurrent ischemic events.

Heterostructures combine the unique properties of each constituent, improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, yet the films suffer from poor compositional and structural uniformity. Here, the authors demonstrate a ligand-assisted welding process to fabricate a series of epitaxial 2D and 3D perovskite heterostructures.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation might not solely rely on electron transfer from dominant metal centers. Here, authors found that the formation of hydrogen bond between PMS and [V₄O₁₂] ⁴⁻ in Co₂(V₄O₁₂)(bpy)₂ catalyst provided extra electron transfer channel for achieving efficient PMS activation.

Nano-masking of the surface of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles blocks their immune-evasive action. This improves their phagocytosis by dendritic cells, leading to maturation of T-cell action and culminating in undampened anti-tumour immunity.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Here, the authors report results from a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of the tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine SCTV01E, demonstrating a favorable efficacy profile during a time when predominant viral variants were changing from BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) has a tumor suppressive role through the induction of apoptosis, however, the mechanism underlying its activation is unclear. Here, in pancreatic cancer, the authors show that activation of Plk3 is dependent on its cleavage into p41Plk3, by the metalloendopeptidase nardilysin.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Bio-adhesives are of interest for a range of applications, however, strong covalent adhesion is often at odds with the ability to reposition incorrectly applied adhesive. Here, the authors report on the controlled electrical oxidation of catechol to catecholquinone which form covalent links over longer times allowing for repositioning.

The flammability and toxicity of the currently used electrolytes are the concerns that must be addressed. Here the authors show a non-fluorinated and non-toxic ionomeric aqueous gel electrolyte called water-in-ionomer that allows an enlargement of electrochemical stability window and design of environmentally friendly battery cell chemistries.

Esters can be used as fuels and specialty chemicals for food flavoring, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Here, the authors systematically engineer clostridia, including discovery and deletion of prophages to increase strain stability, for the production of butyl acetate and butyl butyrate from corn stover at low cost.

Developing single atom systems with improved catalytic potential for bio-application has major therapeutic potential. Here, the authors report on the development of a metal single-atom on a carbon dot support confined within mesoporous silica for the development of therapeutic agents.

A stereotaxic atlas of the whole mouse brain, based on a Nissl-stained cytoarchitecture dataset with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography, promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level.

The authors present FuXi Weather, a machine learning-based global forecasting system that cycles data assimilation and forecasting, delivering accurate 10-day forecasts and outperforming numerical weather prediction models in observation-sparse regions like central Africa.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a drug target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), impacting immune cell movement, but current treatments carry immunosuppression risks. Here, the authors show that a Gi-biased S1PR1 agonist, SAR247799, protects the endothelial barrier in IBD models without affecting immune cell egress, offering a potential new treatment strategy.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Diatoms thrive in dynamic environments that frequently confer high light stress. In this study, the authors report a diatom photoreceptor that triggers immediate transcription of photoprotective genes upon high light signals. The fast response kinetics of this pathway confer advantages in environments with rapid light fluctuations.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Efficient electrochemical energy storage in Li-S batteries is hindered by sluggish sulfur redox reactions. Here, the authors propose a polyoxometalate/multilayer graphene composite as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for battery performance improvement.

Mitigation efforts to protect agricultural productivity against flooding focus on areas with high-frequency floods. However, agricultural regions with low-frequency floods experience a larger proportion of flood impacts, highlighting the urgency of prioritizing mitigation efforts in these regions.

Powdery mildew threatens worldwide wheat production. Here, the authors report the cloning of two powdery mildew resistant Pm55 alleles and show that they exhibit distinct interactions with the inhibitor SuPm55 to cause different resistance.

Rapid hemostasis of deep noncompressible irregularly shaped trauma wounds is challenging. Here the authors report a neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-inspired DNA hydrogel that is able to induce NETs-like thrombosis as a physical blockade and biological clot to arrest bleeding in deep tissues.

Stress-related anxiety can gradually become extinct but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that microglial engulfment of dendritic spines promotes the extinction of acute stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice.

Innate and adaptive immunity are equally important for the anti-tumor response and immunotherapy simultaneously activating both arms could have therapeutic benefits. Here authors show that a composite nanoparticle platform that immobilizes monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-L1, 4- 1BB and NKG2A or TIGIT recruits and activates both NK and CD8 + T cells.

Authors predict polar Bloch points with negative capacitance in tensile-strained ultrathin ferroelectric PbTiO₃ film by phase-field simulations, observing their polarization structures by scanning transmission electron microscopic imaging.

A comparative analysis of community metabolomics and herbivore-induced damage in tropical, subtropical and subalpine tree communities shows that both phytochemical diversity and herbivory were higher in tropical communities, providing support to the latitudinal biotic interactions hypothesis.