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The pathological mechanisms underlying multiple system atrophy (MSA) remain unclear. Here, the authors show in mouse and human MSA models that α-synuclein spreads from neurons to oligodendrocytes via TLR2 leading to myelination defects, and that blocking TLR2 prevents glial cytoplasmic inclusions and myelin damage.

This study shows that promoter and enhancer functions are often linked within the same DNA sequences. Using a dual-reporter assay, the authors reveal shared sequence features and co-dependent activities supporting a unified model of gene regulation.

The authors present a compact aerial robot combining flight and grasping for tasks like perching, transport, and collaboration. Outdoor tests confirm its potential for delivery and manipulation in complex environments.

The authors developed MOBILE, a compact photoacoustic imaging system for non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring in motion. It reveals how microcirculation adapt during exercise, offering a dynamic window into cardiovascular health.

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are a leading cause of female infertility. Here, authors engineer a Tβ4-releasing ECM hydrogel that mimics decidualization to promote endometrial regeneration as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of IUA.

Multi-omics and genetic models show that CGG repeat toxicity in GABAergic neurons drives FXTAS pathology and identify PRKCG as a critical modifier and potential therapeutic target.

Black hole (BH) masses can be estimated from tidal disruption events (TDEs). Here, the authors show that AT 2018cqh, a TDE, exhibits unusual X-ray characteristics consistent with a TDE scenario involving an intermediate-mass BH.

The cancer cell membrane replicates the characteristic molecular profile of its parental cells. Here, authors construct a homotypic membrane-powered biomimetic interface for subtype-specific analysis of breast cancer extracellular vesicles.

Sustainable hydrogen production requires efficient oxygen evolution catalysts. Here, the authors identify non-noble single-atom catalysts via machine learning-assisted computational screening and reveal their active-site mechanisms for high-performance anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.

This study introduces the Lipid Nanoparticle Database (LNPDB) and web tool that consolidates lipid nanoparticle structure-function data. LNPDB facilitates molecular dynamics and deep learning approaches to advance data-driven design for nucleic acid delivery.

The authors design a Pt/CuInP₂S₆/graphene heterostructure that achieves polarity-switchable photovoltaic current modulated by ferroelectric polarization. This enables programmable in-sensor computing, achieving high-performance visual tasks.

Chemotherapy-induced intestinal toxicity limits treatment efficacy. Here, the authors show that myeloid-derived L-kynurenine exacerbates this damage by depleting Lactobacillus johnsonii, which activates the TNFα/JNK pathway to drive epithelial apoptosis.

Burns et al. introduce an unrolled, physics-informed machine learning method that speeds up blind structured illumination microscopy by orders of magnitude while preserving generalizability, enabling real-time superresolution imaging in live cells.

Schizophrenia risk at 1p36.23 lacked functional insight. Here, the authors identify two enhancer variants that upregulate RERE, which disrupts neurogenesis and synaptic function by regulating Grin2a, linking genetic risk to neuronal development and excitatory signaling.

DNA double-strand breaks are primarily repaired by non-homologous end joining, which requires synapsis of broken DNA ends. Here, the authors show that DNA end configurations, particularly short microhomologies, dictate synaptic complex formation and can bypass XLF to promote close end joining.

This study shows that excessive atmospheric nitrogen deposition can enhance methane production and emissions by impacting microbial phosphorus acquisition due to the change of N/P ratios in oxygenated surface oceans.

Reproduction is influenced by the brain-gonad axis, but how hormones actively control male behavior is unclear. Here, the authors show that in fruit flies, a hormone released from the productive organs increases and sustains sexual drive through a feedback loop with the brain.

This study reports a universally cryogenic stripping strategy for transferring laser-induced graphene onto diverse surfaces without modulus limitations. The thickness of typical receiver elastomers can be reduced to 6.7 μm for large-scale electronic skins.

All-carbon quaternary centers are ubiquitous in natural products and bioactive molecules, yet strategies for their streamlined construction remain scarce. Here, the authors report a sequential dechlorination strategy of tetrachloromethane, offering a concise route to quaternary carbon frameworks.

Sclerostin impairs whole-body lipidandglucosemetabolism. Here, the authors further demonstrate that adipocytic sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interactionparticipatesin the impairment effect of sclerostin on whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Soil life relies on microbial nutrient exchange to maintain ecosystem balance. This study shows that cobamide-producing microbes act as essential connectors in soil food webs, supporting host health and highlighting cross-kingdom links central to One Health.

Single-crystal alloy thin films (SATFs) are appealing for applications in crystal epitaxy, surface catalysis, and energy conversion. Here, the authors report a method to synthesize wafer-scale binary and ternary SATFs with sub-nanometer roughness, which can be used as substrates for the growth of high-quality graphene single crystals.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

This study develops tissue-specific genome-scale metabolic models for Drosophila and shows how constraint-based flux analyses from the muscle model can identify high sugar diet-induced metabolic dysregulation at reaction and pathway levels.

Neuromorphic vision hardware calls for all-in-one integration of photodetection and computing. Huo et al. report an optoelectronic synapse based on a ReS₂ channel integrated to a metal–ferroelectric–metal–insulator–semiconductor architecture, showing ultra-low dark current and high photoresponsivity.

Hepatokine FGL1 mediates liver-kidney crosstalk in renal fibrosis. Upregulated by circulating inflammatory cytokines post-injury, it binds ALK5 to potentiate TGF-β signaling and promotes fibrotic progression, presenting a promising target for CKD.

Indoles are privileged structural motifs in N-heterocyclic chemistry, while developing a general and facile platform capable of directly transforming commodity chemicals into multi-functionalized indoles persists as a challenge. Herein, the authors present a photo-driven bifunctional iron-catalyzed strategy integrating photocatalysis and Lewis acid catalysis for one-pot synthesis of indoles from readily available arylamines and alkanes/carboxylic acids.

Negative coupling is an intriguing mechanism for linking lattice sites, enabling phenomena unattainable with positive coupling alone. Here, the authors introduce this unique coupling into the polariton system and demonstrate topological polariton condensation in lattices with negative coupling.

This study shows that electrically switchable and non-volatile dipoles can form at the interface of graphene and α-RuCl3 when separated by an ultrathin hBN layer. The dipole switching is driven by interfacial charge transfer, is stable without continuous power, and emerges in a narrow temperature window around 30 K.

The authors study epitaxial thin films of the pyrochlore-sublattice compound LiTi2O4 by RIXS and ARPES. They observe cooperation between strong electron correlations and strong electron-phonon coupling, giving rise to a mobile polaronic ground state in which charge motion and lattice distortions are coupled.

Early identification of high-risk trauma patients in prehospital settings is essential for effective triage and improved survival. Here the authors show that a real-time ensemble AI model accurately predicts emergency department mortality using only prehospital data, outperforming traditional triage tools.

Accurately predicting enzyme functions remains challenging, especially for underrepresented enzyme commission (EC) classes. Here, the authors introduce HIT-EC, a hierarchical interpretable transformer that improves EC number prediction and provides insight into sequence-function relationships.

Behçet’s syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease with oral ulcers being the most common symptom. Here authors present results from a phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that shows that systemic low dose interleukin-2 could be safely administered to these patients, and the therapy may improve their quality of life.

Personalized nanovaccines derived from autologous tumour cells and engineered to display dendritic cell-like features enhance immune activation and prevent postoperative metastatic cancer in preclinical models.

Controllable and scalable phase transition of transition metal chalcogenides is challenging. Using in situ microscopic analysis, a non-stoichiometric phase transition from PdTe₂ to PdTe is observed on the atomic scale, providing mechanistic insights into the scalable phase engineering of transition metal chalcogenide films and heterostructures.

Defect formation and phase instability remain critical challenges for perovskite/organic tandem solar cells. Jiang et al. address this by designing an additive to modulate the crystallization thermodynamics of wide-bandgap perovskite, achieving a record efficiency of 22.1% in a flexible cell.

Efficient modeling of battery electrolytes is limited by the accuracy-cost trade-off. Here, authors develop a universal machine learning potential to accurately calculate transport and solvation properties across a broad chemical space.

Cold tolerance at the booting stage is critical for the expansion of rice cultivation area. Here, the authors report that a CAMTA family transcription factor encoding gene CTB3 positively regulates japonica rice booting stage cold tolerance and its upstream and downstream interactors to fulfill the functionality.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Wearable silent speech systems hold potential for restoring communication in patients suffering from speech impairments. Tang et al. report an AI-driven silent speech system for dysarthria patients, which enables zero-time-delay expression and context-aware emotion decoding-based sentence expansion.

The efficiency of perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ tandem solar cells is limited by halide segregation in the perovskite layer. Zhang et al. use 2-pyrrolidinone to slow the crystallization of halide intermediates, ensuring a homogeneous distribution and achieving a power conversion efficiency of 27.3%.

Understanding microwave emission from resonating spin spirals is key for on-chip magnonics. Now, real-time spin precession modes with distinct microwave patterns are captured in a helimagnet/ferromagnet heterostructure.

Freestanding membranes of hexagonal oxides remain difficult to obtain. In this work, a water-soluble crystalline hexagonal BaAl₂O₄ is found to serve as a sacrificial layer for obtaining freestanding membranes with six-fold or three-fold symmetry.

A life well lived.

Mechanisms confer to the enhanced cold tolerance in japonica rice have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors report a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) I transcription factor encode gene CTB5 is responsible for japonica rice cold tolerance by interacting with genes in gibberellin and abscisic acid pathways.

Risk associated with genetically defined forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can propagate by means of transcriptional regulation to affect convergently dysregulated pathways, providing insight into the convergent impact of ASD genetic risk on human neurodevelopment.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering interferometry reveals a highly entangled electronic phase in Nd₂Ir₂O₇, enabling extraction of its entanglement structure and confirming the cubic-symmetry-breaking order predicted from complementary Raman spectroscopy.

How the complex interplay between multiple nutrients within the microenvironment dictates potential sites of metastatic cancer growth is explored.