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An analysis of viral genomes and epidemiological data from the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal sheds light on the heterogeneity of early transmission events, with national and international linkages.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The small molecule SRI-41315 induces the degradation of the translation termination factor eRF1 to enhance stop codon readthrough. Coelho, Yip et al. reveal that SRI-41315 is a metal-dependent molecular glue that traps eRF1 on terminating ribosomes.

Reactivation of telomerase has been implicated in human tumorigenesis. Here, somatic mutations in the TERT promoter are reported in cancers of the central nervous system, bladder, follicular cell-derived thyroid and melanoma, thus demonstrating that TERTpromoter mutations are a frequent event in human cancer.

A pan-Amazon study of forests shows large variations in drought tolerance traits and finds that forests in regions of pronounced climate change are losing biomass and may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits.

Gasparin et al. evaluated the analytical performance of the Hilab Lens point-of-care hematology device compared to conventional hematology. The Hilab Lens demonstrated high precision, strong correlation (r ≥ 0.95), and high accuracy (≥ 98.8%), supporting its use in resource-limited clinical settings.

Wood density is a key control on tree biomass, and understanding its spatial variation improves estimates of forest carbon stock. Sullivan et al. measure >900 forest plots to quantify wood density and produce high resolution maps of its variation across South American tropical forests.

The authors analyse 8,790 prokaryotic pangenomes to identify the ecological variables associated with recent versus old horizontal gene transfer events, finding that gene transfers are more common among co-occurring, highly abundant or host-associated species.

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a broad group of haematopoietic malignancies that often progress to acute myeloid leukaemia. Here, the authors show that linear and branched evolution occurs within myelodysplastic syndrome and these patterns can be impacted by treatment.

Mendes and colleagues present SReD, an unsupervised tool that detects repetitive biological structures in microscopy images. It works across imaging modalities and reveals patterns in viral assembly and cytoskeletal dynamics, thus enabling unbiased structural analysis.

The authors employ a semi-empirical method to fit published battery capacity-rate data to extract the characteristic time associated with charge/discharge. These characteristic times are consistent with a physical model that can be used to link rate performance to the physical properties of electrodes.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

A fundamental step in membrane protein biogenesis is their integration into the lipid bilayer with a defined orientation of each transmembrane segment. Here, the authors show that mutations in connexin 32 can cause failures in membrane integration which is detected by the ER chaperone machinery.

Methods to achieve large-scale production of defect-free graphene are needed to enable the commercial development of graphene-based devices. It is now shown that high-shear mixing is an effective way to exfoliate graphene and other two-dimensional materials in liquid volumes up to hundreds of litres.

Combined in silico and in vitro approaches reveal that the co-chaperone STIP1 supports pluripotent stem cell identity, proliferation, and stress resilience, highlighting proteostasis as a key mechanism during early development.

Absorption lines of iron in the dayside atmosphere of an ultrahot giant exoplanet disappear after travelling across the nightside, showing that the iron has condensed during its travel.

While thicker battery electrodes are in high demand to maximize energy density, mechanical instability is a major hurdle in their fabrication. Here the authors report that segregated carbon nanotube networks enable thick, high-capacity electrodes for a range of materials including Si and NMC.

Drug metabolism in humans is typically discussed in terms of P450 reactions, but growing evidence indicates aldehyde oxidase plays a central role as well. The first crystal structures of the human enzyme reveal a flexible tunnel to the active site and a new inhibitory site.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

2D materials hold promise as inks for printed technologies. This Review discusses ink formulation processes, from materials selection and deposition techniques to applications, and the perspectives for the commercialization of printed devices.

Phage VAC3 adaptations to the mucosal environment (improved replication in mucin-treated hosts and retention in the respiratory tract) are mechanisms that can exploited as prophylactic measure to protect mice from a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa.

Virus genomes reveal the establishment of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas, and provide an appropriate timeframe for baseline (pre-Zika) microcephaly in different regions.