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The trafficking defect associated with the cystic fibrosis disease-linked allele of the CFTR chloride channel is alleviated by inhibitors of histone deacetylases, suggesting that altering the transcription of genes associated with protein misfolding can ameliorate disease.

Somatic cell reprogramming can induce distinct pluripotent states. Here the authors perform time-resolved small RNA expression profiling during the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and observe that distinct miRNA milieus characterise alternate states of pluripotency.

A new deep proteomic analysis method is used to identify proteins that interact with wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and its mutant version that is the major cause of cystic fibrosis.

Patients with the Long QT Syndrome type 2 have abnormal cardiac electrical activity, which is diagnosed by an electrocardiogram (ECG) that shows a prolonged QT interval and a notched T wave. Here the authors uncover the origins of this signature ECG phenotype by using a multi-scale cardiac modelling.

The validation of inhibitors targeting PurF, a novel drug target for tuberculosis drug discovery, is described.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

This study presents an extensive molecular characterization of the reprograming process by analysis of transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteomic data sets describing the routes to pluripotency; it finds distinct routes towards two stable pluripotent states characterized by distinct epigenetic events.

The small molecule GS-6207, which disrupts the function of the HIV capsid protein, shows potential as a long-acting therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection.

Tbx2 is a master regulator of cochlear inner hair cells.

The forced expression of key transcription factors can induce somatic cells to acquire pluripotency characteristics; here high levels of reprogramming factors are used to induce mouse embryonic fibroblasts to a stable alternative pluripotent state with low intercellular adhesion.

AlphaFold predicts protein structures with an accuracy competitive with experimental structures in the majority of cases using a novel deep learning architecture.

AlphaFold is used to predict the structures of almost all of the proteins in the human proteome—the availability of high-confidence predicted structures could enable new avenues of investigation from a structural perspective.

Garry Cutting and colleagues report a genome-wide association and linkage study for loci that affect lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis. They identify two loci that influence lung function in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

Including participants from 45 countries, Bago et al. find that the situational factors that affect moral reasoning are shared across countries, with diminished observed cultural variation.

Results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions are reported. It is discovered that stratigraphic relationships show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. It is also found phyllosilicates in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water, pointing to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability.

Somatic cell reprogramming can induce distinct pluripotent states. Here the authors perform time-resolved whole-genome bisulfite sequencing during the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and report dynamic global DNA methylation changes.

Semipermeable polymeric anion exchange membranes are essential for separation, filtration and energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering is now used to disentangle water, polymer relaxation and OH⁻ diffusional dynamics in a commercially available membrane.

Evolution has produced a range of diverse proteins, and now a generative model called Chroma can expand that set by allowing the user to design new proteins and protein complexes with desired properties and functions.

Two-dimensional polymers, which exhibit periodic bonding in two orthogonal directions, offer mechanical, electronic and structural properties distinct from their linear or irregularly crosslinked polymer counterparts. Their potential is largely unexplored because versatile and controlled synthetic strategies are only now emerging. This Review describes recent developments in two-dimensional polymerization methods.

In recent years, patient research groups have spurred culture shifts in biomedical research and governance, with many health experts lauding the benefit of these groups’ being embedded in the research process. Some, however, question private-sector influence in these groups’ newfound power.

Biophysical analysis reveals that conserved G-rich sequences within the mRNAs of gammaherpesvirus genome maintenance proteins (GMPs) form G-quadruplexes (G4). Stabilization of mRNA G4 motifs represses GMP translation, whereas destabilization enhances translation, suggesting that these RNA elements are cis-acting translational regulators of proteins involved in viral latency.

Two Streptococcus spp. can utilize a neuropeptide (CGRP) and its receptor (RAMP1) on macrophages to promote brain invasion, a finding that may help the development of therapies for bacterial meningitis.

Comprehensive analysis of membrane protein interactions using COPIT includes information for transient and weak interactions. This mass spectrometry–based method has optimized steps for removing contaminants and a tailored data analysis.

Conditional deletion of Insm1 in mice demonstrates that INSM1 is the key switch that causes the maturation of outer hair cells in the cochlea, with its absence resulting in an increase in inner hair cells instead.

Visvader and colleagues report that in the mouse mammary gland, EGF and mTOR signalling induce expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 family member Mcl-1 and show that this is required for the survival of milk-producing mammary epithelial cells.

Whole-exome sequencing of circulating tumor cells enables accurate and powered calling of somatic point mutations.

The COBRA toolbox provides quality-controlled reconstruction, modeling, topological analysis, and network visualization, as well as network integration of chemoinformatic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and thermochemical data.

The synthetic biology research community describes a standard language for exchanging designs of biological 'parts'.