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Anterior vaginal prolapse (AVP), the most common form of pelvic organ prolapse, has deleterious effects on women’s health. Here the authors employ single-cell RNA-seq to construct a transcriptomic atlas of vaginal wall cells from AVP patients, and find that extracellular matrix dysregulation and immune reaction are associated with AVP.

A modeling study of 35 cholera-affected countries in Africa showed that introducing cholera surveillance could improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of preventive cholera vaccination campaigns.

Analyzing data of the Mexican Biobank project, a new study finds regional differences in clinically relevant genetic frequencies and presents MexVar, a publicly accessible resource designed to support ancestry-informed genetic testing.

The authors report a new species of theropod dinosaur from the Triassic Period of Argentina. Despite being one of the earliest theropods, Anteavis crurilongus has derived features more in line with Neotheropoda.

Megaraptoran theropod dinosaur anatomy and evolution is unclear due to the fragmentary nature of most available fossils. Here the authors report a well-preserved, late surviving megaraptoran from Argentina that clarifies our understanding of the morphology of this group and potentially provides insights into its diet and feeding strategies.

Interfacial segregation of boron generates gradient-ordering and achieves improved mechanical performance across ambient temperature to 2073 K, providing a new pathway to overcome the strength-plasticity trade-off under extreme thermal conditions.

Levantine Phoenicians made little genetic contribution to Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean between the sixth and second centuries bce; instead, the Punic people derived most of their ancestry from a genetic profile similar to that of Sicily and the Aegean, with notable contributions from North Africa as well.

In this Review, Grapsa and colleagues provide an overview of the imaging modalities used in the diagnosis and management of tricuspid regurgitation, describe the valve repair and replacement strategies undergoing clinical testing, and highlight the technological innovations that aim to optimize diagnosis, patient selection and the device development process.

Dengue is a major public health concern in the Americas, and the Caribbean can be a source for reintroduction and spread. Here, the authors use travel surveillance data and genomic epidemiology to reconstruct Dengue epidemic dynamics in the Caribbean from 2009-2022.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Undulating flight, an efficient mode of locomotion in flying birds, can theoretically also result in efficient locomotion in water. Here we demonstrate gait patterns resembling undulating flight in four marine vertebrate species comprising sharks and pinnipeds.

Methodologies to achieve efficient and selective uranium separation originating from nuclear waste are desirable. Here the authors report the in-situ formation of π-f conjugated 2D uranium-organic framework for uranium separation, leading to superior performance in uranium uptake and outstanding uranium generation efficiency from seawater.

Genome assemblies for the SunUp transgenic papaya and its progenitor Sunset identify three transgene-insertions in SunUp. Resequencing of 86 papaya genomes highlights the impacts of breeding and geographic origin.

Here the authors conduct a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of telomere length, used diverse approaches to identify genes underlying association signals, and experimentally validated POP5 and KBTBD6 as regulators of telomere length in human cells.

The stress-induced martensitic transformation in shape-memory alloys shows a strong size-effect on the critical stress for superelasticity.

Here, the authors perform a large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and cis-MR proteomics to identify protein biomarkers and drug targets for heart failure.

Economic development and its interactions with the SDGs is an important focus for sustainable future growth. This paper develops six environmental footprint indices highlighting the synergies with human production and the SDG targets.

Organoid models of intestinal stem cell differentiation into Paneth cells allow for the identification, via high-throughput phenotypic screening, of biological targets and small molecules regulating the composition of intestinal epithelium.

Using a novel method for isolating cognitive and motor neural dynamics, the authors show that dynamics often attributed to cognitive processes were corrupted by movements and that distinct populations of neurons encode cognitive and motor variables.

Nominally identical materials are found to spontaneously order into triboelectric series over repeated processes, which is found to be driven by the act of contact itself using experiments as well as numerical simulations.

During the Last Ice Age, Neanderthals used a small cave in the Iberian Peninsula to accumulate the crania of large ungulates (bison, aurochs, red deer and rhinoceroses), some associated with small hearths. This seems to have been a symbolic practice.

Li et al. develop neural fragility, a networked dynamic system biomarker, for localizing seizures in patients with epilepsy and find that it is more robust compared to traditional features that clinicians and researchers look at in a 91-patient study.

Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for endometriosis identify 49 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of causal variants explores functional effects across various tissues. Genetic correlations between endometriosis and other pain conditions are also highlighted.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause acute liver failure. Here the authors report that serum Mg2+ serum levels decrease in patients with DILI as well as in preclinical animal models treated with acetaminophen overdose, and that early intervention targeting the Mg2+ transporter Cyclin M4 may be beneficial for acetaminophen overdose in preclinical models.

The mechanism of how plant growth is controlled during the reproductive phase is not well understood. Now a study reveals a new miRNA-dependent module integrating auxin signalling and developmental pathways to promote Arabidopsis fruit morphogenesis.