Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not static but undergoes a regulated ‘life cycle’ that encompasses replication, maintenance, spatial distribution and turnover. Here, we update emerging mtDNA degradative pathways, discuss the interplay between mtDNA quality control and heteroplasmy, and outline crucial questions that place the mtDNA life cycle at the forefront of mitochondrial biology.
- Luis Carlos Tábara
- Julien Prudent