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Tandem electrosynthesis is challenging because sequential reaction steps often require incompatible chemical environments. Here, the authors report the creation of pH gradient via microenvironment engineering, enabling levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone conversion in a single electrolyzer.

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK2) is essential for Myddosome complex formation downstream of most Toll-like receptors. Here, the authors show a loss-of-function copy number variant of IRAK2 associated with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation, which disrupts IRAK2 interaction with IRAK4 and further downstream Myddosome formation, accompanied by enhanced interferon responses.

In mice, a next-generation gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy improved survival and motor function more than a Zolgensma-like treatment, with fewer signs of liver and heart toxicity, supporting its promise as a safer, more effective approach.

Achalasia is a rare condition characterised by inability to swallow. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing to identify a FAM129C variant associated with the disease and characterise B cell responses towards the GABA-A receptor in a mouse model expressing that variant.

Here, the authors report that the coherent interfacial coupling between α-perylene molecular crystals and WS₂ gives rise to a giant second-harmonic generation (SHG) response, resulting in a ~ 650-fold enhancement in monolayers and robust activation of SHG in bilayers.

High-order cycloaddition offers a direct and powerful strategy for constructing medium-sized architectures, but it is often limited by low yields and poor stereoselectivity. Here the authors reports a template-assisted [6+6] photodimerization reaction, which is achieved via the self-assembly of a two-dimensional coordination polymer system.

Electric-field switching enables reversible control of phonon chirality in ferroelectric triglycine sulfate, linking ferroelectricity, chirality, phonon chirality, and spin, and providing a route to manipulate chirality-dependent quantum states in solid-state systems.

Traumatic brain injury induces edema and widespread cellular damage. Here, the authors present a time-resolved, cross-species single-cell atlas that identifies human-specific ABCA1⁺ oligodendrocytes associated with edema, microglial signaling, and neural responses.

Post-translational modifications regulate protein function but are difficult to decode systematically. Here, the authors present COMPASS-PTM, a coarse-to-fine framework that predicts multi-label PTM sites, assigns regulatory enzymes, and links variants to PTM and network rewiring.

This study shows that the UMOD p.H36Y mutation promotes kidney inflammation by enabling mutant tubular cells to trigger macrophage pyroptosis through the App–Cd74 pathway.

The authors investigate a magnetic “control knob” for quantum matter: rotating an in-plane field flips nanoscale charge patterns like memory bits with hysteresis, revealing hidden spin–charge choreography and enabling reprogrammable quantum devices.

Metal walking is a well-established strategy to enable remote alkene C–H functionalization, yet alkyne walking and remote alkyne hydrofunctionalization remain underdeveloped. Here, the authors report migratory hydroalkylation and hydroamination of alkynes, achieving stereocontrolled asymmetric activation of three consecutive C(sp3)–H bonds.

Shunt resistance variation limits organic photovoltaic (OPV) module performance. Here, the author identified mesoscale non-fullerene acceptor agglomerations as major shunt pathways that can be passivated by reverse bias, enabling the smallest OPV-powered IoT nodes to operate at 200 lux.

Fibroblast heterogeneity is a hallmark of fibrosis including in the kidney, but their precise roles in driving renal fibrosis are incompletely understood. Here the authors report that a switch to a CD248⁺ extra cellular matrix -producing fibroblast subset contributes to kidney fibrosis, and blocking CD248 with a monoclonal antibody mitigates the phenotype in male mice.

Here, the authors show that the chloride channel CFTR keeps osteocytes alive and limits bone loss, revealing a new mechanism for maintaining long-lived bone cells and suggesting a potential strategy to protect bone health.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Li, Tao, and colleagues present epi-Patho-DBiT to spatially map chromatin accessibility and histone modifications in archived human lymphoma tissues, revealing epigenetic drivers of lymphoma development, progression and transformation.

Difelikefalin is an FDA-approved KOR-targeted drug for chronic pruritus yet exhibits side effects. Here, researchers solve cryo-EM structure of difelikefalin KOR-Gi, identifying Y320^7.43 as a key bias residue. Substituting D-Phe1 with β-phenylalanine develops beta01 which retains analgesic/antipruritic efficacy via a unique receptor conformation that reduces adverse effects.

This study establishes the link between epithelial zinc transporter SLC39A1 and acute lung injury. The authors uncover a protective mechanism in lung epithelium mediated by the SLC39A1-zinc-autophagy axis and highlight SLC39A1 as a potential therapeutic target.

The efficacy and safety of albumin combined with endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke remain unclear. Here, the authors show in a randomized multicenter trial that albumin treatment reduces infarct volume growth compared with placebo without increasing safety risks.

Here, the authors uncover a mechanism by which drug-target homologs mediate non-antibiotic drug effects on bacterial growth, and suggest a universal homology-based competition strategy to reverse MTX-induced microbiota dysbiosis.

A ZnO/CuO catalyst featuring dual-site cooperative framework for polymerization-based wastewater treatment. Zn sites preferentially adsorb/activate organics, whereas Cu sites predominantly activate the oxidant, showcasing atomic-scale design to reactor-scale implementation.

A room-temperature ferroelectricity with out-of-plane polarization is disclosed in chemical vapor deposition synthesized two-dimensional α-MnS, which exhibits large tunneling electroresistance, high endurance, and long retention time.

Existing Janus hydrogels struggle to combine high-strength, asymmetric adhesion, and simple fabrication. Here, the authors develop a high-strength Janus hydrogel with bilateral asymmetric adhesion for wet tissue hemostasis and intestinal/intrauterine anti-adhesion.

CNS injury disrupts neural circuits, with poor regeneration due to HDAC retention and hostile environments. Here, the authors show a nanosystem with LMK-235 that forms electroactive scaffolds and promotes regeneration and enhances synaptic reconnection

NCOR1 deficiency inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, attenuating hypertension and vascular remodelling in mice.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

A global study using 40 years of data from 69 sites shows wetland restoration succeeds when sediment, elevation and tidal creeks align across spatial scales. About 920 km² of lost wetlands worldwide are estimated to be potentially restorable.

Photonic AI chips can process information at high speed, but current designs are constrained by planar layouts. Here, authors demonstrate a programmable 3D photonic neural network chip that directly processes 2D images and achieves 93% accuracy on MNIST classification.

Here authors present a method combining DFT calculations with experimental synthesis to address the challenges of slow recovery and limited recyclability in chemiresistive sensing MOFs.

The mechanisms driving reversible dedifferentiation events towards a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state remain to be explored. Here, multi-omics, information-theoretic approaches and dynamic systems modelling highlight the role of the oxidative-stress–mediated NF-κB/RelA axis in driving the transition towards DTP across multiple cancer types.

Zhang et al. demonstrate that planthoppers secret an NLS-containing salivary effector, which redirects a histone deacetylase to the nucleus, thereby suppressing JA signaling and defense gene expression.

Fe-based metallic glasses are reported as efficient oxygen scavengers, achieving removal rates 1–4 orders of magnitude higher than conventional systems through rapid adsorption and autocatalytic effect, while approaching theoretical capacity limits.

Cell-type-specific 3D genome maps are hard to generate experimentally. Here, the authors develop Hi-Compass, a deep-learning framework that predicts chromatin interactions from accessibility data across variable sequencing depths, recovering chromatin loops and linking disease variants to target genes.

The breast cancer intelligent non-invasive diagnosis system (BINDS) integrates multimodal medical imaging data for breast cancer risk assessment and subtype classification, improving diagnostics and reducing the need for biopsies of benign lesions.

You, Wang, Xu, Zhao, Peng and colleagues identify endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (c-BEEVs) in the cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for brain vascular pathology and highlight their role in neurovascular dysfunction.

Chloroplasts import thousands of nucleus-encoded proteins via multiprotein translocons. The authors elucidate the assembly and molecular architecture of the outer-membrane TOC translocon (the import “entry gate”), which exists in two functionally-distinct forms, TOC-P and TOC-N.

Here, in a two-phase population trial, the authors show that composite polyphenols intervention could mitigate the increase in pro-inflammatory indicators associated with high microplastic exposure by modulating gut microbiota and up-regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Preclinical and phase 1/2 trial data show that anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody treatment restores platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) levels, and low-dose oral treatment with the NAD⁺ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide can similarly increase platelet counts without serious adverse effects.

Urothelial bladder cancer (UC) progression occurs as a multi-step process that leads to different kinds of lesions and subtypes. Here, the authors characterise benign and invasive lesions that occur during UC progression using proteogenomics in patient samples and show critical molecular pathways and prognostic associations.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses coupled with multi-omics integration identify new risk loci for endometriosis and adenomyosis, shed light on underlying molecular mechanisms and suggest potential therapeutic interventions.