Nature Search

Divisive normalization does influence decisions with multiple alternatives

Ryan Webb
Paul W. Glimcher
Kenway Louie
Research14 Sept 2020
Nature Human Behaviour

Volume: 4, P: 1118-1120
Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice

In decision-making, choice stochasticity can arise at multiple stages in the brain. Here, the authors show that noise arising early and late relative to a nonlinear neural computation leads to opposing contextual effects on choice accuracy.

Bo Shen
Duc Nguyen
Kenway Louie
ResearchOpen Access23 Apr 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-15
A multidimensional distributional map of future reward in dopamine neurons

An algorithm called time–magnitude reinforcement learning (TMRL) extends distributional reinforcement learning to take account of reward time and magnitude, and behavioural and neurophysiological experiments in mice suggest that midbrain dopamine neurons use TMRL-like computations.

Margarida Sousa
Pawel Bujalski
Joseph J. Paton
Research04 Jun 2025
Nature

Volume: 642, P: 691-699
Reward and punishment illuminated

How do outcomes affect future behavior? A study using precise optogenetic stimulation finds that learning from positive reinforcement is mediated by striatal pathways distinct from those that mediate learning from punishment.

Joseph J Paton
Kenway Louie
News & Views25 May 2012
Nature Neuroscience

Volume: 15, P: 807-809
Context-dependent choice and evaluation in real-world consumer behavior

A. Ross Otto
Sean Devine
Kenway Louie
ResearchOpen Access22 Oct 2022
Scientific Reports

Volume: 12, P: 1-14
Bounded rationality in C. elegans is explained by circuit-specific normalization in chemosensory pathways

Innate odor preferences in C. elegans are controlled by the activation of a pair of olfactory sensory neurons. Here, the authors show that asymmetric activation of the AWC^ON and AWC^O^FF neurons can lead to irrational olfactory preferences that are explained by a model of normalization of sensory gain control.

Dror Cohen
Guy Teichman
Oded Rechavi
ResearchOpen Access13 Aug 2019
Nature Communications

Volume: 10, P: 1-12
Multiple timescales of normalized value coding underlie adaptive choice behavior

Previous work has shown that the neural representation of value adapts to the recent history of rewards. Here, the authors report that a computational model based on divisive normalization over multiple timescales can explain changes in value coding driven by changes in the reward statistics.

Jan Zimmermann
Paul W. Glimcher
Kenway Louie
ResearchOpen Access10 Aug 2018
Nature Communications

Volume: 9, P: 1-11
Free choice shapes normalized value signals in medial orbitofrontal cortex

Neurons in prefrontal areas including the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) represent the relative reward value of choices. Here the authors report that mOFC neurons implement divisive normalization to encode the relative values of lottery options only when the decision involves free choice.

Hiroshi Yamada
Kenway Louie
Paul W. Glimcher
ResearchOpen Access11 Jan 2018
Nature Communications

Volume: 9, P: 1-11
Sensitivity of reaction time to the magnitude of rewards reveals the cost-structure of time

Kai Steverson
Hui-Kuan Chung
Paul Glimcher
ResearchOpen Access27 Dec 2019
Scientific Reports

Volume: 9, P: 1-14

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Divisive normalization does influence decisions with multiple alternatives

Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice

A multidimensional distributional map of future reward in dopamine neurons

Reward and punishment illuminated

Context-dependent choice and evaluation in real-world consumer behavior

Bounded rationality in C. elegans is explained by circuit-specific normalization in chemosensory pathways

Multiple timescales of normalized value coding underlie adaptive choice behavior

Free choice shapes normalized value signals in medial orbitofrontal cortex

Sensitivity of reaction time to the magnitude of rewards reveals the cost-structure of time

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