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Bulk vanadium dioxide undergoes a metal–insulator transition near room temperature. It is now shown that by putting a thin layer of vanadium dioxide on a buffer, and varying the buffer’s thickness, the orbital occupancy in the metallic state and the transition temperature can be tuned.

In mice, DHPS supports the maturation, maintenance and function of tissue-resident macrophages via the polyamine–hypusine axis, with implications for macrophage-targeting therapies.

An important role is played by thermal effects in the electrically driven insulator-to-metal transition in V₂O₃.

JWST data show that the exoplanet WASP-18b has thermally distinct regions of its dayside. The authors mapped the sizes of these regions, measured their temperatures and potentially identify water destruction in the hottest region.

An innovative technique uses ultrafast below-bandgap electric-field pulses to induce and probe an insulator–metal transition in an oxide thin film on which a metamaterial structure has been deposited.

Using ultrasound to activate noninvasively specific neurons in the hypothalamus, a temporary hypothermic and hypometabolic state is induced in rodents.

The dayside thermal emission spectrum and brightness temperature map of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained from the NIRISS instrument on the JWST showed water emission features, an atmosphere consistent with solar metallicity, as well as a steep and symmetrical decrease in temperature towards the nightside.

A newly identified exercise-induced signalling metabolite—an amidated conjugate of lactate and phenylalanine—can reduce food intake and improve blood glucose homeostasis.

Exercise training can be therapeutic but how mitochondria respond remains unclear. Here, the authors use multiple omics techniques to reveal a complex network of non-stoichiometric mitochondrial adaptations that are prioritized or deprioritised during different phases of exercise training.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Tadpoles with experimentally manipulated microbiomes have reduced activity of mitochondrial enzymes and altered metabolic rates, resulting in altered thermal sensitivity of locomotion and reduced thermal tolerance and survival.

Mice possess neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus that are sensitive to violet light; these deep brain neurons sense light via OPN5 and regulate adaptive thermogenesis in brown fat.

The transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b is obtained using observations from the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument aboard the JWST.

Using a multi-omics approach, the authors examine the molecular drivers of sexual dimorphism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue from sedentary and endurance-trained rats. These data provide a valuable resource for adipose tissue-related research.

Currently, nuclear roles for DVL1 and its involvement in gene regulation remained unclear. Here the authors reveal that altering DVL1 expression significantly reshapes gene expression patterns across the genome and identify ETS1 as a key transcription factor that partners with nuclear DVL1, guiding it to specific genomic targets.

Schneeberger et al. show that glutamatergic neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus of the brainstem are enriched with the orexin 1 receptor Hcrtr1, which can be pharmacologically targeted to treat obesity in mice.

BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors are cytostatic in melanoma and the surviving cells develop drug resistance. This study shows that the pro-survival pool is biased towards MCL1 in melanoma so that BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors are synthetic lethal with the MCL1 inhibitor AZD5991, improving tumour growth inhibition.

The chimeric cytokine IC7Fc combines the beneficial effects of the cytokines IL-6 and CNTF on weight loss and metabolism in mice, with no obvious side effects in mice and non-human primates.

Metabolic substrate partitioning underlies myocardial homeostatic capacity and adaptation to stress. Zhang et al. show that decreasing mitochondrial pyruvate carrier expression redirects glycolytic intermediates and leads to heart failure, which is prevented or reversed with a high-fat or ketogenic diet.

Phase-resolved mid-infrared observations from JWST of the hot gas giant WASP-43b detect a day–night difference of 659 ± 19 K. Comparison with climate models shows that the observations are compatible with cloudy skies, at least on the nightside, and the lack of methane detection suggests the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.

A primordial carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) greater than 0.8 in an exoplanet causes a carbide-dominated interior, as opposed to the silicate-dominated composition found on Earth; the atmospheres also can differ from those in the Solar System. The solar C/O is 0.54. This study reports an analysis of spectra from the transiting hot Jupiter WASP-12b that reveals that C/O>1 in its atmosphere, based upon the observed concentrations of the prominent molecules CO, CH₄ and H₂O.

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling pathways have overlapping effects on adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis. Boucheret al.created fat-specific double knockouts of these pathways and demonstrated their crucial role for adipocyte development, metabolism and thermogenesis in mice.

Analysis is presented that indicates that there is strong evidence that SiO or Mg, the major constituents of silicate condensates, must be present in gaseous form in the atmosphere of ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b.

Observations from the JWST show the presence of a spectral absorption feature at 4.05 μm arising from SO₂ in the atmosphere of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-39b, which is produced by photochemical processes and verified by numerical models.

Natural selection may favor traits underlying aging-related diseases if they benefit the young. Wang et al. find that oxidative activation of CaMKII provides physiological benefits critical to the initial and continued success of vertebrates but at the cost of disease, frailty, and shortened lifespan.

Lu et al. perform systematic functional analyses using data from the TRACERx cohort of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and delineate how FAT1 regulates homologous recombination repair, chromosomal instability and whole-genome doubling with distinct mechanisms.

Amino acid substitutions in K-Ras that constitutively activate the protein are common in cancer. Here, the authors describe mutations in the K-RasSwitch 2 domain and show that the mutant proteins accumulate in the active conformation, exhibit defective binding to PI3 kinase, and are hypersensitive to MEK inhibitors.

Mutations that dysregulate Notch1 and Ras/PI3K signalling are common in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; here, treatment with a PI3K inhibitor is shown to induce drug resistance that is associated with downregulation of activated Notch1 signalling, suggesting that inhibition of both Notch1 and PI3K could promote drug resistance.

Surgery poses significant risks for patients, with attempts to mitigate these risks using multimodal perioperative care pathways. Here, the authors show that preoperative hypercaloric carbohydrate drinks not only alleviate surgical stress but also demonstrates the replicability of this protection using FGF21 treatment alone.

Jeppesen, Sanchez et al. identify blebbisomes as large membrane-enclosed vesicles containing organelles and secreted by cells. Blebbisomes can both secrete and internalize exosomes and microvesicles.

Personalized omics profiling can lead to actionable health discoveries and stimulate lifestyle changes.

Aging is associated with increased levels of inflammation and metabolic changes. Here authors compare B cells from young and elderly donors and see immunometabolic changes and assess the impact of increased lactate production on the immune responses at different ages.

TLR4 signalling can reprogram the metabolism of macrophages to be more glycolytic and proinflammatory. Here the authors show that LPS and TLR4 signalling results in recruitment of TBK1, which in turn phosphorylates serine 727 on STAT3 to enable a proinflammatory switch via an effect on mitochondrial metabolism.

This study showed that the type III effector NopL can interact with the Nod factor receptor GmNFR5, and the existence of NopL can promote GmREM1 interacts with GmNFR5, which demonstrates a signaling pathway underlying the symbiosis establishment in soybean.

The lymphotoxin (LT) system has several defined roles in the regulation of immunity as well as vascular and lymphatic biology, however its role in cancer is less understood. Here the authors show that regulatory T cell-derived LTα1β2 promotes LTβ receptor-nonclassical NFκB signaling in tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells, accelerating tumor growth and metastasis.

The role of type I interferon signalling in the control of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) activity remains controversial. Here the authors show that downregulation of type I interferon receptor is observed in MDSC from cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice and is required for the activation of their immune suppressive properties.