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Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Monolayer materials have tunable electronic structures that may be useful for optical applications. Here the authors show even and odd high-harmonic generation up to 15th order from a variety of monolayers with different band properties and emphasize the role of nonlinear interband polarization.

Borinium ions are two-coordinate boron cations that contain only four valence electrons on boron, and are difficult to isolate without electron donation from adjacent heteroatoms. Now, diarylborinium salts with no lone-pair donation from heteroatoms have been isolated, characterized and found to participate in an unusual reaction with CO₂.

On the basis of the whole-genome sequences of cultivated and wild hops, this study describes the evolution of sex chromosomes, including degeneration and dosage compensation, and identifies a candidate gene for the X–A balance sex-determination system in these species.

This study identifies TTTCA- and TTTTA-repeat expansions in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. Cortical neurons from affected people exhibit RNA foci containing these expanded repeats, suggesting RNA toxicity as the mechanism underlying disease pathogenesis.

Here, the authors identify six risk SNPs for systemic sclerosis by performing GWAS on Japanese patients and meta-analyzing Japanese and European GWAS datasets. Downstream analyses indicate that B cells contribute to pathogenesis.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses identify 124 risk loci for rheumatoid arthritis, of which 34 are novel. A polygenic risk score based on multi-ancestry data showed comparable performance between populations of European and East Asian ancestries.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is known to translocate from ER to Golgi while orchestrating type I interferon responses to DNA. Here, the authors show single-molecule resolution images of STING clustering at the trans-Golgi network, where it acts as a scaffold to trigger downstream signaling.

Plant male reproduction is controlled by gibberellin signalling via the transcription factor GAMYB. Here, deletion of GAMYB in a moss species lacking a gibberellin signalling pathway gives rise to abnormal spores, suggesting that primitive plants used GAMYB for the control of sexual organ development.

Organs consist of parenchyma and stroma. Nishinakamura and colleagues induce renal stromal progenitors from mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and generate completely PSC-derived organoids that reproduce complex kidney structure.

Whole-genome sequencing identifies noncoding CGG repeat expansions in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, oculopharyngodistal myopathy and oculopharyngeal myopathy with leukoencephalopathy, three disorders with overlapping clinical features and neuroimaging findings.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The risk factors associated with both ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke are not fully understood. Here a certain strain of the bacteria,Streptococcus mutans, which expresses a collagen-binding protein, is shown to be associated with haemorrhagic stroke in both animal models and human patients.

Researchers using femtosecond lasers generate offset-free THz pulses to phase-lock the electronic oscillators. This enables the phase-resolved measurement of the emitted THz pulses with sub-cycle time resolution. Ultrafast dynamic response, such as anti-phase locking behavior, is also observed.

Genome-wide association analyses in the Japanese population and trans-ancestry meta-analyses identify new risk loci for coronary artery disease. A polygenic risk score derived from these findings identifies individuals with increased risk of long-term cardiovascular mortality.

The authors studied HoFeO₃ crystal using multicycle THz magnetic pulses enhanced strongly by spiral-shaped microstructure. The observed Faraday ellipticity demonstrates second- and third-order harmonics of the magnetization oscillation and an asymmetric oscillation behavior.

The authors report passive mode-locking and frequency-comb generation induced by optical feedback in the resonant-tunneling-diode terahertz oscillator, a semiconductor-based oscillator covering the frequency range of 0.1 to 2 THz.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to track the evolution of the electronic band structure of TaSe₃ across a strain-driven topological phase transition.

Angle-resolved photoemission evidence for a three-dimensional higher-order topological insulator is presented. This work demonstrates that stacking configurations can be utilized to realize different topological phases.

Floquet engineering describes the control of a quantum system using light-matter interactions and has received renewed interest due to recent developments in ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. Here, the authors use light scattering spectroscopy to investigate the Floquet state in MoS₂ and apply dynamical symmetries to understand the polarisation selection rules

Water trapped in nanoscale spaces shows unique properties due to confinement effects. Here the authors observe an exotic state of water in the hydrophilic nanopores of porous coordination polymers.