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Photocatalysis holds promise for sustainable synthesis, but AI-driven reaction prediction is hindered by limited data. Here, the authors introduce PhotoCatDB, a comprehensive database of 26.7 K reactions, and develop PhotoCat, a transformer-based tool achieving high accuracy in photocatalytic reaction prediction, retrosynthesis, and condition recommendation, as well as experimentally validate the newly discovered photocatalytic reactions.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Here, Zhang et al. succeed in creating a heavily distorted oxygen deficient film of lanthanum cobaltite. The new phase of LaCoO_2.5 has several unique properties, most notably, a Curie temperature of 284 K, significantly larger than the films from which it was derived.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Superconductivity can emerge from a strange-metal state, but the exact relationship between them is unknown. Now, quantitative measurements reveal the dependence of resistivity in the strange metal on the superconducting transition temperature.

The authors report an ultra-broadband ptychography method, suitable for dispersive samples, by exploiting structured illumination and a novel joint deconvolution algorithm.

Here, the authors conducted a whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based genome-wide scan for non-small cell lung cancer in 13,722 Chinese individuals and identified genes including PARPBP, PLA2G4C, and RITA1 in the context of non-coding regulation.

Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

The authors report a dual photothermal-electrocatalysis interface which enables efficient ammonia extraction and purification from air and wastewater, thereby advancing sustainable waste-to-fuel conversion.

High-energy-density lithium metal batteries suffer from limited cycle life. Here the authors develop a homogeneous and mechanically stable solid–electrolyte interphase by using a trioxane-modulated electrolyte, thereby expanding battery cyclability.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Here, analyzing paired fecal and blood metabolomics and metagenomics data in a large cohort, Deng et al. uncover disparate associations of the gut microbiota with cardiometabolic diseases when utilizing either fecal or blood metabolome data, suggesting that sampling criteria may be a relevant factor in metabolomics-based association studies.

Analysis of ancient DNA, stable isotope data and archaeological evidence from the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China suggests it was populated by a matrilineal Neolithic community between 2750 and 2500 bc.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Gestational diabetes milletus (GDM) may have impairments on offspring health. Here, the authors suggest that the increase of EZH2 is an important reason for the disrupted DNA methylome in oocytes exposed to GDM, which may be associated with the transgenerational inheritance of the metabolic disorders.

Geng et al. show that β-klotho, an FGF21 co-receptor, can act independently of FGF21 to promote glycolysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells via the cytokine receptor GP130-mediated signaling pathway.

Precise quantitative scaling laws are observed between the normalized T-linear coefficient and T_c among copper oxides, pnictides and a class of organic superconductors, suggesting a common underlying physics at work in these unconventional superconductors.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Despite lung adenocarcinoma having a high global mortality, the genetic mutations present in Asian patients are uncharacterized. Here the authors use genomic and transcriptomic analysis to identify thirteen significantly affected genes, including RHPN2, GLI3, MRC2, TP53 and IQGAP3.

Here, authors present cryo-EM structures and simulations of urea transporter members in resting-, transport-, or inactive-states bound with synthetic competitive, uncompetitive or noncompetitive inhibitor.

Berberine is a compound with glucose-lowering effects in mice and humans. Here, the authors show that in mice berberine has beneficial glycemic effects by promoting insulin secretion, which requires the potassium channel KCNH6 in beta cells, and that berberine can promote insulin secretion in healthy men in a phase 1 clinical trial.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Nitride materials, prized for their stability and unique properties, face challenges in achieving high-quality single-crystal thin films for microelectronics and spintronics. Here, the authors present an innovative metallic alloy nitridation technique, producing stable single-crystal nitride films with robust antiferromagnetic properties, paving the way for advanced device applications.

How glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) interact to promote progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is currently unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate a role for the ARS2/MAGL signalling in regulating self-renewal and tumorigenicity of GSCs and M2-like TAM polarization.

Amino acids are required for cell survival and growth. However, the different requirements of amino acid metabolic pathways in normal haematopoiesis and leukaemogenesis have not been explored. Here the authors focus on the transporter of neutral amino acids and show that malignant blood cells rely more on ASCT2-mediated amino acid metabolism than normal cells.

Degradation of kinetically bulk heterojunction film morphology in organic solar cells is a grand challenge for their practical application. Here, the authors design and synthesise multicomponent photoactive material by facile one-pot polymerization and achieve efficiency of 11.8% and T80 of 1000 h.