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Overcoming parasitic reactions between the electrolyte and electrodes is essential for realizing energy-dense lithium metal batteries. Here, the authors develop an oxygen distal fluorinated diluent that promotes a diluent- and anion-rich solvation structure, forming a stable inorganic-rich interphase and stable cycling in pouch cells at 500 Wh kg^–1 level.

Li–S batteries typically rely on static internal modifications. Here, authors apply dynamic external acoustic modulation to create a non-equilibrium entropy-driven electrolyte, enhancing mass transfer and Li-ion desolvation to accelerate sulfur conversion and stabilize lithium negative electrode.

Li, Huo, Zhang, Liu and colleagues report that the transcripts of genes involved in haematopoietic stem cell function share a protective mechanism against RNA decay through a non-canonical function of NAT10, independent of its N⁴-acetylcytidine catalytic activity.

Fast-charging black phosphorus electrodes are limited by slow multiphase redox reactions. Here, authors engineer P–N bonds in the phosphorus bulk to accelerate lithium insertion and boost performance. Pouch cells can hit 80% charge in 10 min, delivering 282 Wh/kg and lasting over 3,400 cycles.

Organophosphoryl compounds are important motifs, however regioselective phosphorylation of alkenes remains challenging. Here, the authors report a visible light driven triple catalytic strategy enabling radical Markovnikov hydrophosphorylation of unactivated alkenes via sequential reaction of (bis)homoallylic alcohols, Ph₂PCl, and water.

Direct spectroscopic evidence shows that amorphous ice crystallization produces a transient excess of dangling OH bonds, revealing a nonequilibrium surface state that may enhance chemical reactivity in planetary and interstellar ices.

All-solid-state batteries have attracted widespread attention due to their potential for high specific energy and safety, but they struggle to operate stably under low pressure. Here, the authors reveal that fluorine atoms can spontaneously form stable bulk and interfacial structures through rapid diffusion kinetics, thereby improving the ability of all-solid-state batteries to operate stably under low pressure.

Researchers developed an optical computing system for adjustable image compression and high-quality reconstruction. Outperforming GPUs in speed and efficiency, it provides a scalable solution for high-speed, real-time image signal processing.

The high demand of soft strain sensors requires solutions to reduce resource waste. Here, the authors propose a machine learning framework that corrects unstable signals in soft strain sensors, making them more accurate, reliable and longer-lasting, and extending their usable lifetime by more than 3,000 times.

Efficient probabilistic computing requires hardware with inherent stochasticity. Here, the authors demonstrate a compact on-chip photonic neuron utilizing a novel SbTe₉ phase-change material to achieve stable, tunable probabilistic firing for Bayesian inference.

Telomeric systems are conserved across eukaryotes and may have originated over 1 billion years ago. Here the authors replaced yeast’s telomeres with a bacterial virus system, resulting in a stable functional assembly of DNA molecules up to 2.77 Mb, offering insights into the possible origins of telomeres.

Neogene lithium isotope records from the Tibetan Plateau suggest that silicate weathering in mountain ranges may not persistently contribute sufficient lithium into the ocean to regulate seawater lithium isotope evolution

Cation degradation limits the durability of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis under oxidative anodic conditions. Here, the authors report that electrochemical oxidation dominates ionomer cations degradationand that oxidation-resistant trimethylammonium ionomers enable long-term durability.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

Liquid crystal elastomers are promising for actuators in soft robotics, but 3Dprinting methods often restrict responsive properties. Here the authors design by tuning the printing angle, affording a coiled fiber, for programmable actuation.

It is useful to be able to determine the changes a material has undergone, but this is challenging in synthetic systems. Here, the authors report the development of a hydrogel materials conditioned by swelling, allowing determination of exposure to heat and salt by nucleation changes.

Atherosclerotic carotid stenosis leads to stroke, but how perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) drives plaque instability is poorly understood. Here the authors show that PVAT harbours distinct ADSC subsets, with CD55⁺ADSCs promoting plaque angiogenesis via FGF2 and CXCL14⁺ADSCs enhancing inflammation, driving plaque destabilization.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are key regulator of intestinal immunity. However, whether these cells drive necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and through which mechanism remains unexplored. Here, the authors employ a mouse model of neonatal NEC and implicate NKp46⁻CCR6⁻ double negative ILC3 autophagy in pathogenic ILC3 expansion and activation during NEC via HIF1a-modulation of glycolipid metabolism.

Replicating the human brain’s imaginative ability has long been a core AI goal, yet current systems remain limited in speed and efficiency. Yang et al. present a hardware platform based on resistive memory, enabling high-speed, low-power AI content generation while fully preserving output quality.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive subtype which, unlike cutaneous melanoma, shows limited response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, the authors report the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and lenvatinib (multi tyrosine kinase inhibition) in patients with resectable mucosal melanoma, along with exploratory biomarker analysis.

The authors leverage the ferroelectric proximity effect of a ferroelectric hybrid perovskite heterostructure to break the in-plane rotational symmetry of WSe2 and brighten the spin-forbidden dark excitons under zero magnetic field conditions.

In this work, the authors show that the uncharacterized protein YchJ acts as a ROS-sensing transcription factor in Salmonella; upon oxidation, YchJ dimerization represses rssB, stabilizing RpoS to activate antioxidant enzymes, protecting the pathogen from macrophage oxidative burst.

Chen et al. report a strategy of separating dipping and coating processes for fabricating highly conductive and comprehensive wearable graphene electronic fabrics. This low-cost methodology achieves 200-meter roll mass production, offering a universal platform for next-generation wearable technologies.

Returned farside lunar anorthosites have compositions similar to nearside counterparts and show a 4.41-Ga zircon age, indicating globally comparable magma ocean solidification and constraining the crustal dichotomy to post-magma-ocean reworking.

Self-healing materials typically suffer from poor mechanical properties due to the inherent trade-off between mechanical robustness and self-healing capability. Here the authors report a composite featuring an aligned array of hydroxyapatite nanowires interwoven with dynamic borate bond networks by a bidirectional freeze-drying method.

Dysregulated CD59 drives uncontrolled complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Here, the authors show in a mouse NMOSD model that endothelial SPARC suppresses astrocytic CD59 by blocking the VEGFA/VEGFR2 axis, promoting astrocytopathy, that might offer a potential therapeutic strategy.

Single-cell multi-omics integration across gene expression, protein abundance and chromatin accessibility remains challenging. The authors present scMAGCA, an interpretable framework for integrating these modalities, and apply it to Alzheimer’s disease and kidney cancer to identify disease-associated cell states and biomarkers.

ADAR1, an RNA-editing enzyme, can contribute to immunotherapy resistance by suppressing interferon signaling. This study shows that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes ADAR1 degradation, supporting ATRA combined with PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy.

A chip-integrated metasurface wavefront sensor operating without external optics uses orientation and lobe-spacing encoding of double-helix point spread functions, enabling a ± 9.4° dynamic range and doubled sampling.

A Spectral Contrastive-Aware Network decodes Zhurong, OMEGA, and CRISM SWIR data, revealing altitude-dependent manganese (hydr)oxide enrichments forming shoreline ‘bathtub rings’ tracing 0.8–1.5-million-year ocean evolution in Utopia Planitia, Mars.

The authors conducted two trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NH600001, an etomidate derivative, in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The results showed NH600001 has a sedative effect while reducing the risk of adrenocortical depression.

Maternal obesity is a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in the offspring later in life. Here the authors study male offspring in a mouse model of maternal obesity and identify dysregulated metabolism due to disrupted crosstalk between proximal tubules and macrophages as an important mechanism.

Protein-based bioplastics suffer from poor mechanical properties, limiting their use. Here, the authors report a coacervation based processing method for maize-derived zein protein which encourages β-sheet formation through shear-induced alignment, leading to high tensile strength films and fibres.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Water electrolysis crucially converts fluctuating renewables to green hydrogen. Here, the authors collaborate architecture modulation of anion exchange membrane and pressure configuration design, realizing compatibly improved electrochemical performance and operational flexibility.

Hypoxia-driven dysregulated lactate metabolism is a feature of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), but biological metabzymes and most biomimetic counterparts are ineffective under hypoxic conditions and often yield harmful metabolites. Here, the authors report a biogenic Fe-N-C artificial metabzyme for IDD metabolic therapy that reprograms lactate metabolism and corrects metabolic dysfunction.

Turning lignin oils into nylon ingredients is hard because key bonds resist breaking and products overreact. A light-driven catalyst makes cyclohexanones without added hydrogen and enables tougher, clearer polyamides.

Oxidative stress and dsRNA are key drivers of skin inflammation, while therapies targeting oxidative stress are common, dsRNA targeting is not. Here, the authors report on a cerium-doped polyoxometalate with anti-oxidative and dsRNA binding properties showing potential for a transdermal strategy to reduce skin inflammation.

RNA-binding proteins recognize RNA structures that vary across cell types and genetic variation. Here, the authors present BRIDGE, a model predicting RNA-protein interactions across contexts and explaining variant effects genome-wide.

Enzymes catalyze complex reactions with high efficiency and selectivity, but resolving their atomistic mechanisms remains challenging due to limitations of conventional simulation approaches. Here, the authors develop a reactive ML/MM framework combined with enhanced sampling that enables the exploration of enzymatic reactions, reproduces key experimental observables, and provides insight into the roles of dynamics and electrostatics in determining selectivity.

UCl₃-type electrolytes show promise for all-solid-state batteries, yet their structure and Li⁺ transport remain debated. Here, authors reveal foreign cations reside in the amorphous phase, which serve as the dominant Li⁺ pathway yielding enhanced conductivity and low-temperature battery performance.

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication, but early identification of women at risk remains difficult due to limited biomarkers. Here, the authors show that cell-free DNA fragmentomics from maternal blood can predict preeclampsia risk early in pregnancy.

Changhua County, Taiwan launched a hepatitis C elimination initiative which integrates population-based screening and targeted strategies for high-risk groups. Here, the authors evaluate its impacts on hepatitis C virus cascade care and treatment outcomes and compare to a counterfactual scenario without the program.

How flaviviruses evade mosquito immunity is understudied. Here, the authors show that flavivirus NS1 present in infected human blood is taken up by mosquitoes and internalized into midgut cells where it hijacks miRNA processing to block gut-cell apoptosis, enabling early viral replication.

Here they assemble a cross-species single-cell transcriptomic atlas of mammalian placentas and show that trophoblast diversification underlies placental evolution, while identifying TGIF1 as a regulator associated with preeclampsia and pregnancy loss.

Most atmospheric water harvesters suffer from slow sorption and intermittent solar-driven desorption. Here, the authors develop a hybrid wood composite with a phase change material that stores solar heat. It rapidly captures water across a wide humidity range and releases it continuously, even in darkness, achieving a daily yield of 0.96–1.72 L kg⁻¹.

The study shows that proactive collaboration, driven by team initiatives, enables robot teams to anticipate needs and reorganize themselves by recruiting or releasing teammates, improving performance in real-world and simulated tasks.

Triticum urartu is the diploid progenitor of polyploid wheat A subgenome. Here, the authors report an improved genome assembly of T. urartu and uncover a lipoxygenase gene that shapes T. urartu gene pools and their contributions to polyploid wheat A subgenome by regulating growth-defense trade offs.

Aqueous zinc batteries suffer from unstable zinc interfaces and side reactions that limit their durability. Here, authors report a dual additive electrolyte design, based on methyl propionate and L-cysteine, that co-regulates zinc ion solvation and interfacial chemistry, enabling robust electrochemical performance.