Search

A tunable terahertz radiation pulse is demonstrated based on a linear accelerator. The emission frequency of this terahertz radiation is tunable from 1 to 10 THz by changing the bunching frequency of a 34 MeV electron beam. The pulse energy is at the submillijoule level.

High-power, tunable accelerator-based terahertz radiation is demonstrated. By electron-beam manipulation through laser heater beating, tunable capability from 7.8 to 30.8 THz, narrow spectral bandwidths (ranging from 7.7% to 14.7%) and pulse energies up to 385 μJ are obtained.

The study shows that lunar ilmenite preserves less solar wind-generated water than silicate minerals, likely due to faster water escape. This finding suggests that ilmenite may critically influence surface water variations within the lunar Procellarum KREEP Terrane.

This paper determines the oxygen fugacity of the Chang’e-6 basalts from the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin on the farside of the Moon. The results show that the mantle beneath the farside SPA basin is more reduced than that beneath the nearside, as determined by the Apollo and Chang’e-5 basalts.

Extreme Sr–Nd depletion in 2.8-billion-year-old basalt fragments from the lunar farside South Pole–Aitken basin suggests an ultra-depleted mantle source resulting from lunar magma ocean crystallization and/or later impact-related melt extraction.

The gut microbiome plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and predictive microbiome signatures have been proposed for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Here the authors perform a meta-analysis of 16S rRNA-based profiles to identify microbial markers able to discriminate patients with adenoma from control and CRC, building a model that can be applied for the early detection of CRC.

Rooftop photovoltaic systems are often seen as a niche solution for mitigation but could offer large-scale opportunities. Using multi-source geospatial data and artificial intelligence techniques, the authors map their potential for reducing global temperatures and analyse regional differences.

MatterGen is a model that generates stable, diverse inorganic materials across the periodic table and can further be fine-tuned to steer the generation towards a broad range of property constraints.

2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an abundant endocannabinoid in the brain, regulates diverse neural functions. Here, the authors identified four loss-of-function mutations in dicylglycerol lipase β (DAGLB) from six patients with early onset Parkinsonism. In mice, loss of DAGLB in dopamine neurons reduced neuronal activity and impaired locomotor function and augmentation of 2-AG levels boosted neuronal activity and rescued locomotor deficits.

Chang’e-6 mission’s analysis of farside lunar soils reveals stronger magnetic properties than nearside samples and identifies distinct magmatic and impact-formed minerals. This offers insights into the Moon’s magnetic history and crustal anomalies.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of three Allium crops (onion, garlic and Welsh onion) and spatial RNA sequencing provide insights into Allium trait evolution and gene expression patterns during onion bulb formation.

Here, the authors report results from a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of the tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine SCTV01E, demonstrating a favorable efficacy profile during a time when predominant viral variants were changing from BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB.

The lunar mantle may have remained reduced, according to the oxygen fugacity of 2.0 Ga Chang’e-5 basalt that is similar to 3.6 − 3.0 Ga Apollo basalts and pyroclastic glasses.

A relativistic electron beam with 1.9 pC charge is accelerated by copropagating with a terahertz pulse through two dielectric-loaded waveguides. The accelerating gradient in a single dielectric-loaded waveguide is 85 MV m⁻¹. The total energy gain is 204 keV.

Analysis of lunar soils sampled by the Chang’e-5 mission suggests that impact glass beads may host a substantial inventory of solar wind-derived water on the Moon’s surface.

Single-cell transcriptomics of human lung tissue from individuals with tuberculosis identifies signatures of inflammation, apoptosis and senescence affecting immune, epithelial and endothelial cells linked with long-term pulmonary impairment.

Protection afforded by inorganic minerals is assumed to make mineral-associated organic carbon less susceptible to loss under climate change than particulate organic carbon. However, a global study of soil organic carbon from drylands suggests that this is not the case.

It is currently difficult to synthesise NIR-II probes with good quantum yields, biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics. Here the authors report a strategy to alter these properties by modifying the protein coatings with biofunctional molecules, and generate long-wavelength fluorophores for in vivo imaging.

Abundant high pressure mineral phases are identified using electron microscopy and Raman data in the lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 3170 alongside metallic iron which suggests intense shock metamorphism as a source of lunar iron.

Some patients with COVID-19 fail to clear the viral infection quickly, yet our understanding for the underlying immune characteristics is still lacking. Here the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing and other data form such patients to show that persistent infection is associated with immune suppression and reduced expression of ribosomal protein genes.

Potential rooftop photovoltaic in China affords 4 billion tons of carbon mitigation in 2020 under ideal assumptions, equal to 70% of China’s carbon emissions from electricity and heat. Yet most cities have exploited the potential to a limited degree.

In this study, the authors present a genomic surveillance of avian influenza genomes sampled from live poultry markets in China. They report that a number of variants have emerged since 2016 that pose an increased risk to humans. They highlight the importance of continuous genome surveillance of circulating influenza strains.

Albumin conjugates can enhance drug delivery. Here, the authors repurpose albumin-binding Evans blue to develop nanovaccines that co-deliver adjuvants and tumor neoantigens to antigen-presenting cells in lymph nodes, resulting in potent and durable antitumour immunity in combination immunotherapy.

The Hippo pathway is a major regulator of organ size and growth control. Here Wu et al. provide evidence for a novel link between the Hippo signalling pathway and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in regulating organ growth and tumorigenesis.

Water abundance and hydrogen isotope compositions of two-billion-year-old basalt samples returned from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission suggest that the samples came from a relatively dry mantle source.

The persistence of the global climate system is essential for the sustainability of natural ecosystems. This work develops a framework, generate climate and carbon flux networks and finds that the similarity of the networks in different years is 0.57 ± 0.07, implying that the system is generally stable and that the similarity decay is very small when the year gap increases.

Acid deposition promotes short-term plant growth and transpiration, contributing to increase evapotranspiration by 54.9% and reduce streamflow by 51.6% in a subtropical watershed in China, according to 10-year acid addition experiment and 20-years of watershed monitoring data.