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Printed MoS₂ memristive networks yield spiking neurons with multi-order complexity. Thermally activated snap-back produces physiological waveforms that stimulate mouse Purkinje neurons, offering a scalable platform for bio-realistic neuromorphic hardware and brain–machine interfaces.

NiPS₃ is a van der Waals antiferromagnetic semiconductor where the exciton formation is strongly influenced by the magnetic ordering. Previous studies have been limited to magneto-optical approaches, but here, Lebedev, Gish and coauthors succeed in making field effect transistors that operate below the Néel temperature and observe an ultranarrow electroluminescence with a high degree of linear polarization.

Borophene, or 2D boron, is highly polymorphic with many predicted lattice arrangements, complicating the identification of its atomic structure. Here, the authors use functionalized-tip scanning probe microscopy to directly resolve the atomic lattice structures of several borophene polymorphs.

Materials that can alter their structure in response to light have potential as functional materials such as motors and actuators. Here the authors describe a low-cost system capable of rapid, reversible and wavelength-selective responses to light.

Ultrathin alumina encapsulation protects the magnetic, magnonic, and optical properties of air-sensitive V[TCNE]ₓ, enabling characterization of intrinsic material properties and integration of this organic-based magnet into cryogenic quantum devices.

The integration of graphene with silver offers the promise of combining the electronic and plasmonic properties of both materials. Here, Kiraly et al.achieve the growth of graphene on a silver substrate, with the graphene electronic structure only minimally affected by the silver.

Polycrystalline monolayer molybdenum disulfide is used to fabricate a multi-terminal device combining a memristor and a transistor, which can mimic biological neurons with multiple synapses for neuromorphic computing applications.

Transition metal dichalcogenides are emerging two-dimensional materials, yet monodisperse and stoichiometrically pristine sample production is challenging. Here, the authors employ a block copolymer to control buoyant density for isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation, allowing thickness sorting of the material.

Graphene oxide produced via the standard Hummers method possesses a high degree of chemical inhomogeneity and limited reversibility. Now, it has been shown that an alternative ultra-high-vacuum approach for oxidizing epitaxial graphene yields uniform epoxy functionalization with thermal reversibility at temperatures as low as 260 °C.

Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) is a promising semiconductor, but it is highly reactive and susceptible to ambient degradation. Covalent functionalization with aryl radicals has now been shown to significantly improve the stability of exfoliated BP, as well as the performance of BP-based electronic devices through a controllable p-type doping effect.

The unique physical properties of graphene make it a promising material for the construction of nanoelectronic devices. In order to tailor its surface properties and enable it to be integrated with other components, it has now been shown that stable and robust organic monolayers can be formed on graphene at room temperature.

The placement of nanomaterials at predefined locations is a key requirement for their integration in nanoelectronic devices. Here, the authors devise a method allowing placement of solution-based nanomaterials by using structured graphene layers as deposition sites with the aid of an electric field.

Current methods for synthesizing double-wall carbon nanotubes also produce single- and multi-wall nanotube impurities. Density gradient ultracentrifugation has now been used to separate double-wall nanotubes from such mixtures. The resulting material has distinct advantages over single-wall nanotubes when used in transparent conductors.

High-volume, low-cost production of graphene is pivotal for the industrial advance of this 2D material. Here, the authors make use of naturally occurring diatomite as a 3D substrate for graphene growth, obtaining non-planar porous graphene structures after removal of the silica templates.

We report the experimental realization and room-temperature operation of a low-power (20 pW) moiré synaptic transistor based on an asymmetric bilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride moiré heterostructure.

An interfacial junction transistor based on a molybdenum disulfide/graphene heterostructure can generate tunable π-shaped and Gaussian-like membership functions, allowing membership function generators for fuzzy logic systems to be implemented with low device count and energy cost.

Single-photon emitters (SPEs) in 2D semiconductors are usually affected by complex spectral profiles that limit their understanding and applications. Here, the authors combine a noncovalent surface functionalization method with localized mechanical strain to simplify the spectra and enhance the purity of SPEs in monolayer WSe₂.

Dual-gated van der Waals heterojunction transistors can provide Gaussian, sigmoid and mixed-kernel functions for use in low-power machine learning classification operations.

A vast number of DNA sequences are possible, and so finding the few that bind to a particular non-DNA entity is a daunting task. A systematic search algorithm has found sequences that target specific carbon nanotubes.

Atomically thin layers of semiconductors called transition-metal dichalcogenides have been grown uniformly on the square-centimetre scale — paving the way for the ultimate miniaturization of electronic applications. See Letter p.656

Designing high performance, scalable, and energy efficient spiking neural networks remains a challenge. Here, the authors utilize mixed-dimensional dual-gated Gaussian heterojunction transistors from single-walled carbon nanotubes and monolayer MoS2 to realize simplified spiking neuron circuits.

Retaining high performance of perovskite solar cells over large areas is a challenge. Yang et al. use a thermotropic liquid crystal with high diffusivity that does not co-crystallize with the perovskite, suppressing defect formation and enabling large-area solar modules with improved stability and efficiency.

A borophene polymorph with two covalently bonded boron monolayers was synthesized, expanding the physical properties of borophene and filling the gap between monolayer borophene and icosahedron-based bulk boron.

Borophene grown under suitable conditions can have phase intermixing, with line defects in each phase adopting the unit structure of the other phase. Such 1D defects self-assemble into 2D periodic arrays, constituting new phases of borophene.

Thin-film transistors made from solution-processed single-walled carbon nanotubes are used to fabricate large-scale integrated arrays of complementary static random access memory cells.

Memristors with gate-tunable charge transport characteristics are fabricated from monolayer MoS₂ by exploiting specific grain boundary configurations with respect to the electrodes.

Low-k dielectric materials are essential to allow continued electronics miniaturization, but their low thermal conductivity limits performance. Here, two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are shown to combine high thermal conductivity with a low dielectric constant.

Semiconducting armchair graphene nanoribbons with sub-10 nm width are of great technological importance but yet to realize. Here, the authors report growth of such nanoribbons on germanium and controlled crystallographic orientation and well-defined armchair edges are obtained.

Microcavity exciton-polaritons in atomically thin semiconductors are a promising platform for valley manipulation. Here, the authors show valley-selective control of polariton energies in monolayer WS2 using the optical Stark effect, thereby extending coherent valley manipulation to a hybrid light-matter regime

This Consensus Statement discusses common misunderstandings about photodetector performance characterization and reporting, and offers recommendations for standardized practices.

Phosphorene is one of a growing number of 2D materials with high potential for device applications. Here, the authors report a sensor composed of phosphorene nanosheets, showing a high sensitivity to NO₂in dry air and also demonstrate that the sensitivity depends on the nanosheet thickness.

Anti-ferromagnetic based memories have a wide range of advantages over their ferromagnetic counterparts, however, their electrical signatures of switching are complicated by spurious signals. Here, Arpaci et al demonstrate an experimental method to distinguish between anti-ferromagnetic switching, and such spurious signatures.

Using self-assembly to generate hydrogen-bonded organic networks is an underexplored method when preparing functional framework materials. Now, taking cue from DNA, bio-inspired G-quadruplexes are used as both intrinsic electron donors and hydrogen-bonding linkers to assemble rylene diimide acceptors. The resulting rectangular grids form layered crystalline frameworks, in which photoexcitation produces long-lived mobile charge carriers.

Borophene is a two-dimensional allotrope of boron that features anisotropic metallicity, polymorphism and amenability to heterostructure integration. This Review highlights recent progress in borophene research and outlines prospective pathways for accelerating the fundamental science and applications of borophene.

This Review examines the development of van der Waals opto-spintronic devices, highlighting the importance of light–matter interactions in van der Waals magnetic materials and the control of their magnetization via external stimuli, as well as exploring potential opto-spintronic device architectures and applications.

This Review highlights the progress made towards the development of neuromorphic devices and architectures enabled by low-dimensional nanomaterials

Single-walled carbon nanotubes tend to be produced in polydisperse mixtures with different lengths, diameters and electronic properties. This review article surveys the various techniques that have been developed for producing monodisperse samples from these mixtures. Selective growth techniques are also covered.

This Review covers recent progress and current challenges in the synthesis and stabilization of elemental 2D materials — topical species with peculiar properties. The further development of preparative methodologies will help to expand the 2D materials library well beyond naturally occurring layered materials, and afford products with unique structures and functions.

2D materials exhibit diverse properties and can be integrated in heterostructures: this makes them ideal platforms for quantum information science. This Review surveys recent progress and identifies future opportunities for 2D materials as quantum-dot qubits, single-photon emitters, superconducting qubits and topological quantum computing elements.

This Perspective discusses recent progress and future opportunities for borophene research.

This Review discusses the different, state-of-the-art applications of heterostructures containing at least one layer of a two-dimensional (2D) material, combined with 0D, 1D and 3D nano-objects.