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Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

High-resolution satellites reveal major uncertainties in methane emissions from global waste sites, highlighting the need to reconcile observed and reported data, with actionable insights to improve estimates and guide targeted mitigation efforts.

The size of cells fluctuates but there are limited experimental methods to measure live mammalian cell sizes. Here, the authors track single cell volume (FXm) over the cell cycle and generate a mathematical framework to compare size homeostasis in datasets ranging from bacteria to mammalian cells.

Single-molecule FRET imaging provides insights into the allosteric link between the ligand-binding and G-protein nucleotide-binding pockets of the β₂ adrenergic receptor (β₂AR) and improved understanding of the G-protein activation mechanism.

Douglas Easton, Per Hall and colleagues report meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for breast cancer, including 10,052 cases and 12,575 controls, followed by genotyping using the iCOGS array in an additional 52,675 cases and 49,436 controls from studies within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). They identify 41 loci newly associated with susceptibility to breast cancer.

Large-scale sequence-based analyses identify novel risk variants and susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease, and implicate mesenchymal cell-mediated intestinal homeostasis in disease etiology.

Modelling of the evolution of atmospheric methane emissions from the 2022 Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks shows that the event emitted the largest recorded amount of methane from a single transient event.

Emperor penguins colony occupancy is variable and chiefly estimated with remote sensing images at end of the breeding season. Here, the authors provide a phenological model that can extrapolate occupancy from sparse data and can predict phenological events, breeding pairs and fledging chicks.

Immune gene expression analysis can help differentiate between inflammatory skin diseases. Here the authors compare expression profiles between different human inflammatory skin diseases and identify gene modules such as cytokines or inflammatory mediators and a molecular map to assist in diagnosis and treatment.

Survey data collected across ten low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America compared with surveys from Russia and the United States reveal heterogeneity in vaccine confidence in LMICs, with healthcare providers being trusted sources of information, as well as greater levels of vaccine acceptance in these countries than in Russia and the United States.

The approximately 5-Gb tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) genome assembly provides a resource for analysing amniote evolution, and highlights the imperative for meaningful cultural engagement with Indigenous communities in genome-sequencing endeavours.

The gut microbiome composition of the coral-feeding butterflyfish across Caribbean reefs is more variable at degraded reefs. These microbiomes have a lower abundance of Endozoicomonas and a higher diversity of anaerobic fermentative bacteria.

Optical observations of Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos, before, during and after the impact of the DART spacecraft, from a network of citizen science telescopes across the world are reported.

Petrels are wide-ranging, highly threatened seabirds that often ingest plastic. This study used tracking data for 7,137 petrels of 77 species to map global exposure risk and compare regions, species, and populations. The results show higher exposure risk for threatened species and stress the need for international cooperation to tackle marine litter.

Inadequate processing characteristics and performance are major obstacles to the broader adoption of sustainable polymer materials. Here, the authors show that co-assembly of oligopeptide-based polymer end groups and a corresponding low molar mass additive leads to a hierarchical structure, resulting in materials with improved processability and mechanical properties.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are highly anionic functional polysaccharides with subtle structural variations that are very difficult to differentiate. Here the authors demonstrate proof-of-concept single-molecule detection by nanopore, taking a first step towards the ultimate goal of GAG sequencing.

Cellular target engagement technologies enable quantification of intracellular drug binding, but the simultaneous assessment of drug-associated phenotypes is challenging. Here, the authors develop CeTEAM (cellular target engagement by accumulation of mutant), a platform that can simultaneously evaluate drug-target interactions and phenotypic responses for holistic assessment of drug pharmacology using conditionally stabilized drug biosensors.

Springtails are omnipresent soil arthropods, vital for ecosystems. In the first global assessment of springtails, this study shows a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, with distinct temperature-related patterns for diversity and metabolism that suggest climate change may restructure the functioning of soil biodiversity.

Dragwidge et al. report that the plant endocytic complex, the TSET–TPLATE complex, undergoes biomolecular condensation through interactions with plasma membrane phospholipids and recruits clathrin for endocytosis.

Developing inhibitors that target specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is challenging. Here, the authors show that target selectivity and PPI blocking can be achieved simultaneously with PPI inhibitors that contain two functional modules, and create a paralog-selective PSD-95 inhibitor as proof-of-concept.

During clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME), membrane scission is achieved by the concerted action of dynamin and its interacting partners such as amphiphysins. Here authors show that efficient recruitment and function of dynamin requires simultaneous binding of multiple amphiphysin SH3 domains.

TH1760 is a first-in-class, potent, selective and cell-active inhibitor against human NUDT15, which sensitizes cells to 6-thioguanine treatment. TH1760 represents a valuable tool for deciphering the enigmatic functions of NUDT15.

We present James Webb Space Telescope observations that detect the 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature in a galaxy observed less than 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang.

FLRT proteins are known to interact with Lphns and Unc5s, mediating cell adhesion and repulsion respectively. Here the authors use crystallography, native mass spectrometry, molecular dynamics simulations and cell-based assays to show that these three proteins form large super-complexes with functions distinct from their smaller subcomplexes.

The advent of fluorescence-based super-resolution microscopy has created a need for labeling strategies relying on small probes that minimally perturb protein function. Here the authors describe a labeling method that reduces protein tag and label sizes, allowing for accurate protein targeting and measurements of protein dynamics in tight cellular spaces.

Most rod-shaped bacteria elongate using a protein complex, the elongasome, that inserts new cell wall material into the cell sidewall. Here, Middlemiss et al. track the movement of individual elongasomes around the circumference of Bacillus subtilis cells, providing evidence for a molecular motor tug-of-war competition between oppositely oriented cell-wall synthesis complexes.

Cu₂O offers a lot of potential for several optoelectronic applications. Here, the authors present a low temperature, fast and scalable approach to deposit Cu₂O films with low resistivity, which is correlated to the defect landscape in the material.

Here, Carvalho et al show that Listeria starved in water shed their cell wall to form osmotically stable viable but non-culturable cells, that can revert back to walled, culturable and virulent forms.

When two single Rydberg atoms—those with electrons in highly excited states—interact, one can be used to control the quantum state of the other. Two independent experiments demonstrate such ‘Rydberg blockade’, an effect that might make long-range quantum gates between neutral atoms possible.

Hedgehog signalling is known to be linked to oncogenic proliferation. Here, the authors identify structural events as a mechanism of Hedgehog activation in over one-third of driver unknown meningiomas.

The potential use of circulating tumour DNA in classic Hodgkin lymphoma detection, classification and monitoring is defined.

Here, applying an ecological framework to cross-sectional and longitudinal data, the authors identify major branches of the human gut microbiome across the lifespan that connect local ecological states, allowing to better capture associations with health, diet, and lifestyle.

Biomimetic divalent ligands based on the PDZ domain–binding motifs from the AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit Stargazin disrupt the receptor's interaction with the scaffold protein PSD-95 and show that AMPARs are stabilized at synapses by engaging in multivalent interactions with PDZ domain-containing proteins.

This paper analyses the longest sediment flows measured in action on Earth. These seabed flows were caused by floods and spring tides, and flushed prodigious sediment and carbon volumes into the deep sea, as they accelerated for a thousand kilometres.

The persistence of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 after recovery from infection is an indicator for subsequent protection against infection. Here the authors follow recovered patients and measure antibody and T cell responses and find that these two parts of the immune response may have different longevity.

Bathymetric surveys of the submarine Congo Canyon show damming by canyon-flank landslides led to the temporary storage of substantial masses of sediment and organic carbon, interrupting their transport to the deep sea.

Cognitive decline in Huntington’s disease (HD) may be due to impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In this study the authors show that AMPA receptor surface diffusion, a key player in synaptic plasticity, is deregulated in multiple HD mouse models as a result of impaired BDNF signalling that underlies the memory deficits, and can be pharmacologically rescued.

The authors analyse 9 years of time-lapse surveys in Bute Inlet, British Columbia (CA), to show how an active submarine channel evolves. They show how channel evolution is controlled by fast upstream-migration of steep knickpoints, which are similar to waterfalls in rivers.

The structure of turbidity currents has remained unresolved mainly due to lack of observations. Here the authors present data from a high-resolution monitoring array deployed for 18 months over Monterey Bay, that suggests turbidity currents are driven by dense near-bed layers.

Protein methyltransferases (PMTs) are epigenetic regulatory enzymes with significant therapeutic relevance. Here the authors describe a collection of chemical inhibitors and antagonists to modulate most of the key methylation marks on histones H3 and H4, and use the collection to study of the role of PMTs in mouse and human T cell differentiation.

The genome of the gibbon, a tree-dwelling ape from Asia positioned between Old World monkeys and the great apes, is presented, providing insights into the evolutionary history of gibbon species and their accelerated karyotypes, as well as evidence for selection of genes such as those for forelimb development and connective tissue that may be important for locomotion through trees.