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Atherosclerotic carotid stenosis leads to stroke, but how perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) drives plaque instability is poorly understood. Here the authors show that PVAT harbours distinct ADSC subsets, with CD55⁺ADSCs promoting plaque angiogenesis via FGF2 and CXCL14⁺ADSCs enhancing inflammation, driving plaque destabilization.

Despite the proven therapeutic efficacy, CAR T cell treatment carries the risk of severe toxicities. How sex-associated differences affect therapy-associated toxicities is underexplored. Here, the authors conduct a retrospective pharmacovigilant study using the FAERS database and highlight sex-associated differences in CAR T therapy complications, with females exhibiting a consistent pattern of increased adverse events across cancer types and therapy products.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) screening in southern China uses EBV serology, but its positive predictive value is low. Here, the authors introduce a swab-based E-CpMQ method in high-risk individuals, achieving better specificity.

Here they show that NELFA is critical for human naïve pluripotency and can drive cells into an 8C-like state that expresses zygotic genome activation genes, offering valuable insights into early human embryogenesis.

Skin lesions are common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, the authors present a spatial transcriptomic atlas of lesional skin from patients with lupus and identify an acute inflammatory signature in SLE, contrasting with chronic damage in tertiary lymphoid structures in discoid lupus.

Molecular characteristics of amniote lineages can inform evolutionary inference. Here, the authors present a single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of the chicken, which is applied to compare immune cells of chicken, turtle, duck and human, determining similarities and distinctions across amniote immune system evolution.

The authors propose a 3D holographic method that generates physically consistent complex-valued light fields from multi-layer RGB-D data, achieving photorealistic defocus effects in scenes with transparency and reflection.

CNS injury disrupts neural circuits, with poor regeneration due to HDAC retention and hostile environments. Here, the authors show a nanosystem with LMK-235 that forms electroactive scaffolds and promotes regeneration and enhances synaptic reconnection

A “confined molecular encapsulation” strategy enables one-step fabrication of biomimetic ion-selective membranes. The in-situ formed MOFs with tunable sizes facilitate highly precise ion differentiation.

Peptide assemblies can be used to prepare piezoelectric materials, but the role of peptide sequence and side chains is not well understood. Here, the authors report the study of the factors on the supramolecular stacking and piezoelectric properties of diphenylalanine inspired tripeptide assemblies.

Modulating CADM1-AS1 expression can restore proper histone acetylation patterns and mitigate the damaging effects observed in OA joints.

Mei (Prunus mume) is a woody tree that produces ornamental blossoms which symbolize spring in East Asia. Here, Zhang et al. resequence wild and domesticated mei to reveal considerable admixture and introgression from other Prunus species and identify loci associated with floral traits.

This study found COVID-19 vaccination offers added protection against reinfection in children and adolescents with prior infection but variable effectiveness across variants. Findings support vaccination benefits beyond infection-acquired immunity.

The spread of carbon neutrality pledges calls for robust estimates of their agricultural and economic impacts. Using an integrated assessment framework that links climate, atmospheric chemistry, agriculture and economic modules, this study shows that accounting for ozone increases the estimated crop and economic benefits of these pledges.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

The authors report a wavelength-gated regeneration strategy, where specific wavelength photogenerated carriers drive the reversible cycling of active sites, enabling highly stable photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₂H₆.

Negative regulator of thermotolerance 1 (NAT1) is identified as a negative regulator of thermotolerance in rice through the NAT1–bHLH110–CER1/CER1L module. Modifying NAT1 by targeted gene editing increases wax deposition and enhances thermotolerance in rice.

Sweet potato weevils (SPWs) pose one of the most significant challenges to sweet potato production. This study identifies two major SPW-resistant genes, SPWR1/2, and provides new insights into the mechanism of sweet potato defence against SPWs.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Poisonous plants encroachment in grasslands shows stage-dependent ecological thresholds, with early losses in root productivity and biodiversity but partial recovery of multifunctionality beyond 50% coverage, based on analyses of 20 ecosystem variables across 465 standardized field plots.

Urban wetlands are popular with people and wildlife, providing recreation, flood control and habitat. This study finds that they are also popular with genes for resistance to antibiotics, viruses that spread these genes, and bacteria harboring them, showing the importance of treating stormwater before it ends up in these watery resources.

Our investigation highlights substantial heterogeneity in islet cell composition associated with hormone secretory traits, sex, reported race and ethnicity, genetically predicted ancestry, and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

In this individual participant data meta-analysis, and across 321,345 smartphone-ratings of affective well-being and nearly 1 million hours of physical activity measurement, Rehder et al. clarify the nature and extent of activity–well-being relations and document their relevance in humans’ everyday life.

This work shows a sustainable, scalable and cost-effective synthetic process from polyacrylonitrile precursors for the production of high-performance carbon anode in lithium-ion batteries.

Zhao et al. develop a microwell cell-chip-based culture platform that enables high-throughput generation of micro-tumourspheres and enrichment of functional cancer stem cells from biopsies obtained from patients with breast cancer, facilitating personalized drug testing.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Standard of care CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy for Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) faces frequent resistance often driven by regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. This study identifies Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) as A2AR inhibitor for enhanced CAR-T activity while depleting CAR-Treg formation.

Embedding cortical geometric eigenmodes into the EEG/MEG inverse problem enables precise, biologically grounded reconstructions of whole-brain activity, enhancing mapping of dynamics, connectivity and clinical targets.

Wang, Liu et al. develop PMGCN, a computational method that apply optimal percolation to multi-disease gene networks for biomarker discovery. It improves prediction for several chronic inflammatory diseases and uncovers shared inflammation pathways.

SirM methyltransferase upregulates Salmonella HemL-dependent haem production to enable haem-dependent inhibition of phagocytosis and promote infection in mice.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

COPD patients are more likely to also have diabetes. Here the authors show that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with reduced all-cause mortality, hospitalization, acute exacerbations, and pneumonia in patients with COPD and diabetes.

In a phase 1 trial enrolling six patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, treatment with lipid nanoparticles designed for base editing and inactivation of PCSK9 in hepatocytes showed preliminary evidence of reduced low-density lipoprotein levels without the occurrence of serious adverse events or evidence of off-target editing.

A skeletal editing strategy for the direct conversion of oxazoles and isoxazoles into thiazoles and isothiazoles is described. These one-step transformations may be beneficial for drug development programmes by enabling rapid diversification of bioactive compounds and advancing structure–activity relationship studies.

Autophagy has been reported to have an important role in glioblastoma temozolomide resistance but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors identify RFC4-STK38-BECN1 complex as a driver of autophagy activation and subsequent temozolomide resistance in preclinical models of glioblastoma.