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The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

A metalens is integrated into the design of an endoscopic optical coherence tomography catheter to achieve near-diffraction-limited imaging free of non-chromatic aberrations, offering high-resolution imaging well beyond the Rayleigh range of the input field.

Telomerase recruitment to telomeres is a tightly regulated process which is stimulated by replication stress. Here, the authors identify that nuclear filamentous actin is important for interaction between telomerase and telomeres, ultimately facilitating productive telomere extension by telomerase.

Olfactory bulb neurogenesis raises the question of how persistent olfactory memories are retained while remaining flexible to encode new memories. Here, the authors show that new neurons can only support a single odor memory within their critical period of integration into the circuit.

Here the authors report the cryo-EM structure of heart-derived fibrils of an AL amyloidosis patient. Surprisingly, the fibrils form helical superstructures with collagen VI, potentially signifying a distinct pathophysiological mechanism for amyloidoses.

Perylene diimide-bithiophene macrocycles are electroactive and shape-persistent hosts. Here, the authors describe their self-assembly into a cellular organic semiconducting film whose voids are electrically sensitive to different guests, and which can function as the active layer in a field-effect transistor device.

Yang et al. show that plasma membrane curvature promotes the site-specific formation of contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum through junctophilin-2 tethers in cardiomyocytes.

The medial ganglionic eminence produces both interneurons and projection neurons, though how this fate choice is made is not well established. Here they show that St18 regulates migration and morphology of MGE neurons, inducing projection neuron fates.

Mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1), which modulates actin dynamics, are associated with ALS. Here the authors show that expression of ALS-PFN1 is sufficient to induce deficits in human microglia-like cells, including impaired phagocytosis and lipid metabolism, and that gain-of-function interactions between ALS-PFN1 and PI3P may underlie these deficits.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is linked to environmental factors. Through quantitative epidemiology, this study ties 53 pesticides to PD. An innovative human stem cell platform revealed that 10 of these were directly toxic to human dopamine neurons.

This phase I/II clinical trial was designed to assess safety and efficacy of gene therapy for Bothnia dystrophy, an inherited retinal degeneration leading to blindness. Kvanta et al. show interim results from 12 patients with meaningfully improved visual function in dim light.

In a first-in-human phase 1 trial, HER2-specific CAR macrophages were feasible to manufacture and well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities in patients with HER2-overexpressing solid tumors.

A randomized trial in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 showed no benefit and potentially increased harm associated with the use of convalescent plasma, with subgroup analyses suggesting that the antibody profile in donor plasma is critical in determining clinical outcomes.

¹⁴C measurements show coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) remobilize decades- to century-old carbon reserves to regrow leaves after a rare fire. To do so, trees resprout from dormant bud tissue maintained for centuries or more.

Michalina Gora and her colleagues have developed a tethered capsule endoscope in the form of a swallowable pill that does not require sedation and is the size of a one-cent coin. Once swallowed, the device was well tolerated and used to capture three-dimensional microstructural images of the digestive tract, particularly the esophagus, using optical frequency domain imaging. Feasibility was demonstrated in patients with Barrett’s esophagus, including high-grade dysplasia.

This study reveals that brain aberrations after preterm birth are highly individual yet shaped by early injury and social environment, influencing long-term cognitive outcomes.

Understanding structure-property relationships is important when designing functional materials. Here, authors propose a descriptor to help understand and predict the electronic properties of two-dimensional lead iodide perovskites for photovoltaic applications.

Wear reduction in diamond-like carbon interacting with ZDDP-additivated oils is essential for current automotive applications. Here, the authors present an atomic-scale study revealing that this can be achieved by tailoring diamond-like carbon’s stiffness, surface nano-topography, and hydrogen content.

Studies examining human podocytopathies have utilised 2D cultured primary or immortalised podocyte cell lines. Here, the authors demonstrate that 3D human glomeruli sieved from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids retain an improved podocyte identity in vitro facilitating disease modelling and toxicity testing.

Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations playing crucial functions, like signal transduction and mechanoprotection. Here, the authors show that caveolae contribute to skin pigmentation by integrating the biochemical and mechanical response of epidermal melanocytes to extracellular cues.

The canonical DNA methylation maintenance enzyme Dnmt1 displays global de novo methylation activity with greater targeting towards IAP transposons, which may contribute to their stable repression during early development.

MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated protein on the cell surface. Here the authors show that MUC1 prefers negative over positive membrane curvature due to its bulky size, enabling MUC1 to avoid endocytosis and surface removal based on curvature preference.

Edelson and colleagues show that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 is required in a cell-intrinsic manner for the self-renewal and maintenance of large peritoneal macrophages, but not that of other tissue-resident macrophages.

Bonheur et al. developed a subcellular-distribution-based bidirectional neural activity reporter that operates on the timescale of minutes, and they demonstrate increases and decreases of neural activity associated with social behaviors in Drosophila.

In this Review, Pamula and Lehmann describe how distinct membraneless germ granules organize the germ cell cytoplasm at different stages of the germline life cycle to determine germ cell identity, maintain genome integrity and regulate gamete differentiation.

Heterosis can rapidly boost yield in crop species but development of hybrid-breeding systems for bread wheat remains a challenge. Here, Tucker et al. describe the molecular identification of the wheat Ms1 gene and discuss its potential for large-scale hybrid seed production in wheat.

The accretion geometry of X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 is determined here from IXPE observations. X-ray polarization reveals a narrow funnel with reflecting walls, which focuses emission, making Cyg X-3 appear as an ultraluminous X-ray source.

The lymphangiogenic factor PROX1 transcriptionally upregulates CPT1A, a rate-controlling enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation, and this co-regulates lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation by epigenetic control of lymphatic gene expression, demonstrating a role for metabolism in developmental biology.

Edwin Cuppen, Gijs van Haaften and colleagues report the identification of mutations in ABCC9 in individuals with Cantú syndrome, which is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, cardiomegaly and osteochondrodyplasia. ABCC9 encodes an ATP-dependent potassium channel.

The goal of the 1000 Genomes Project is to provide in-depth information on variation in human genome sequences. In the pilot phase reported here, different strategies for genome-wide sequencing, using high-throughput sequencing platforms, were developed and compared. The resulting data set includes more than 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual, and can be used to inform association and functional studies.

IXPE has revealed how the spin of the accreting neutron star Hercules X-1 changes in three dimensions. The spin axis of the star moves both through the star and across the sky, hinting that the crust of the star is asymmetric by almost one part in a million.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.

The response to infectious and inflammatory challenges differs among people but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Here the authors explore the impact of variables such as age, sex, and the capacity for controlling inflammation and maintaining immunocompetence, linking this capacity to favourable health outcomes and lifespan.

Temporal multi-omic analysis of tissues from rats undergoing up to eight weeks of endurance exercise training reveals widespread shared, tissue-specific and sex-specific changes, including immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways.

A study reports the measurement of the polarization degree and angle of X-rays from Sagittarius A^* reflected off a nearby cloud, indicating an X-ray flare about 200 years ago.

Inhibitor of mitochondrial transcription treatment leads to reduced oxidative phosphorylation capacity but increases fatty acid oxidation in the liver, leading to protection from obesity and related pathology.

Polarization can exceed 60% at the leading edge of the inner part of the Vela pulsar wind nebula; in contrast with the case of the supernova remnant, the electrons in the pulsar wind nebula are accelerated with little or no turbulence in a highly uniform magnetic field.

Polarization measurements are reported for the blazar Mk501, revealing a degree of X-ray polarization that is more than twice the optical value and supporting the shock-accelerated energy-stratified electron population scenario.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

X-ray polarization measurements of the Crab nebula and pulsar by the IXPE satellite reveal a global toroidal magnetic field with large variations in local polarization, suggesting a more complex turbulence distribution than anticipated.

Genetic analysis of paternal sperm from families with a child affected by autism reveals that the recurrent risk for transmitting disease-associated de novo mutations to future offspring is near 0% for most couples but is substantially higher for a small fraction of couples.

X-ray polarimetry observations with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer constrain the accretion geometry in an X-ray pulsar and provide evidence for a misalignment of the spin, magnetic and orbital axes in Her X-1.

It is known that exercise influences many human traits, but not which tissues and genes are most important. This study connects transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium with human data to identify traits with similar tissue specific gene expression signatures to exercise.