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Rider, Grantham, Smith, Watson et al. integrate multiomic data from patients with psoriasis using dimensionality reduction and machine learning techniques. This approach identifies biological relationships between genetic background, clinical features and disease severity, providing insight into disease variability across individuals.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for heart failure and its subtypes, extending understanding of the underlying biological pathways and disease mechanisms.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, stepwise dose-escalation phase 1 trial evaluating a conjugate vaccine against both typhoid and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, the vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adults.

An expert-elicitation process identifies current methodological barriers for monitoring terrestrial biodiversity, and how technological and procedural development of robotic and autonomous systems may contribute to overcoming these challenges.

The largest harmonized proteomic dataset of plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples across major neurodegenerative diseases reveals both disease-specific and transdiagnostic proteomic signatures, including a robust plasma profile associated with the APOEε4 genotype.

Cellular state cooccurrence signatures, such as carcinoma ecotypes may serve as potential biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy, however, their clinical utility remains unexplored. Here, the authors analyse large real world immunotherapy cohorts and gene expression data and develop a predictive model for response.

Understanding the immunological underpinnings of long-term survival in cancer is of high interest. Here, authors dissect the immune parameters of multiple myeloma long-term survivors following a single line of therapy longitudinally, and find sustained changes, including inflammation and impaired immune function.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

This global study shows that short-term exposure to landscape fire sourced PM_2.5 increases hospital admissions for multiple diseases in children, especially those aged 5-9 years and in low-SES areas, highlighting the need for targeted protection.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

Two types of on-chip silicon device utilizing silicon T centres are developed: an O-band light-emitting diode and an electrically triggered single-photon source. Further, a new method of spin initialization with electrical excitation is demonstrated.

The gH-associated tropism and entry (GATE) complex consists of glycoprotein H, UL116 and UL141. This complex is abundant on human cytomegalovirus virions and enables entry into human endothelial cells.

Cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, has efficacy in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type I and has clinical activity in reducing plexiform neurofibroma volume in a phase II trial of patients with NF1.

Aligning foundation models with human judgments enables them to more accurately approximate human behaviour and uncertainty across various levels of visual abstraction, while additionally improving their generalization performance.

mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of haematological cancers is limited by the morbidity and mortality associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Here the authors show that the microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine contributes to graft-versus-leukemia responses while protecting against GVHD and promoting mTORC1 and STING-dependent intestinal regeneration.

2023 CX1 is the only L-chondrite-like asteroid analysed from space to ground. It catastrophically fragmented in the atmosphere, depositing 98% of its energy in one burst—an unusual, high-risk fragmentation mode with implications for planetary defence.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

A complementary analysis of DESI DR2 distance measurements along with supernova and CMB data shows consistent, moderate evidence that dark energy changes over time rather than behaving as a simple cosmological constant.

Different types of SETBP1 variants cause variable developmental syndromes with only partial clinical and functional overlaps. Here, the authors report that SETBP1 variants outside the degron region impair DNA-binding, transcription, and neuronal differentiation capacity and morphologies.

The authors report a meta-analysis of methylome-wide association studies, identifying 15 significant CpG sites linked to major depression, revealing associations with inflammatory markers and suggesting potential causal relationships through Mendelian randomization analysis.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Feuerer and colleagues use multiomic analyses to identify DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and gene expression programs that govern the tissue adaptation of human skin T_reg cells.

Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors are a rare complication with a very poor prognosis. Here the authors report the efficacy and safety of combined ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

The developmental dynamics of distinct cell types across brain regions remain poorly understood. Here authors generate DevAtlas, a high-resolution developmental 3D atlas, mapping region and cell type-specific growth in GABAergic cells and microglia in early postnatal mouse brains.

PARP enzymes play key roles in human biology, but their regulation remains poorly understood. This study shows that PARP15 is activated through dimerization of its catalytic domain and reveals how this event primes the domain for ADP-ribosyl transfer.

Authors compared African and Asian Zika virus strains using chimeric viruses. They discovered that African strains achieve superior transmission efficiency through polygenic factors that enhance their ability to traverse mosquito salivary glands.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

Citizen science taps the efforts of non-experts. Here, authors describe Drugit, an extension of the crowdsourcing game Foldit, and its use in designing a non-peptide binder of Von Hippel Lindau E3 ligase for use with proteolysis targeting chimeras.

Cell type labelling in single-cell datasets remains a major bottleneck. Here, the authors present AnnDictionary, an open-source toolkit that enables atlas-scale analysis and provides the first benchmark of LLMs for de novo cell type annotation from marker genes, showing high accuracy at low cost.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.