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This work investigates changes in regularity of crop failure, heatwave and wildfire exposure for different future climate scenarios. Major shifts in dominant periods are observed when moving from pre-industrial to current climate conditions.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Aging impairs the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle stem cells. Here, the authors identify a stem cell-specific fibronectin splice variant and show that its cell-autonomous secretion through the TGFβ1-Smad3-Srsf1 pathway can be targeted to restore tissue repair in aged mice

The molecular and cellular evolution of the superior colliculus, a key visual center, is unclear. Liu et al. revealed conserved and species-specific cell types, genes, and circuits across mice, tree shrews, and humans by single-cell transcriptomics.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Che et al. identify a rice gene OsIET, which encodes a ferrous iron transporter in the node. Its disruption impairs Fe distribution to developing tissues, causing leaf chlorosis and reduced grain yield.

Data obtained from the MicroBooNE liquid-argon time projection chamber are used to exclude the single light sterile neutrino interpretation of the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies at the 95% confidence level.

Turley and colleagues find that Gremlin1-expressing lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells support dendritic cell homeostasis via provision of FLT3L.

Here, the authors propose a method for determining the three-dimensional locations of sources that emit extremely brief radio pulses. As an illustration, they demonstrate that a plane flying at an altitude of 8 km through clouds emits short radio pulses exclusively from its two engines and a particular point on the tail.

The discovery of chemosynthesis-based benthic communities at depths of 5,800 m to 9,533 m in the Kuril–Kamchatka and western Aleutian trenches challenges traditional perspectives on the energy sources sustaining hadal fauna.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Across 13 longitudinal studies (3,737 adults), the authors show that brain atrophy parallels memory loss, with a stronger coupling in later life. APOE ε4 increases decline, yet genetic risk does not modify the brain–memory relationship.

The irradiation of crystalline materials is known to create various types of lattice defects, which can degrade mechanical performance. Here, Xu et al. observe the in-situnucleation and growth of atomic-scale voids in magnesium during electron irradiation.

Short-lived precursors typically occur before molecules chemisorb on surfaces. Liu et al. predict that for benzene derivatives on metal surfaces, the precursors can be long-lived and the transition to chemisorption states can be reversible, which may be useful in molecular switch applications.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Genome editing tools can precisely introduce a specified lesion into the DNA, but ultimately rely on the cell’s DNA repair machinery to determine the editing outcome. Here, authors demonstrate how neurons’ unique DNA repair pathways impact the safety, efficiency, and precision of CRISPR edits.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

Adaptive optical vision Fourier transformer (AOViFT) is a machine learning-based framework for accurately inferring aberrations and restoring diffraction-limited performance in diverse biological specimens.

This meta-analysis assesses the rates and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions from flowing and standing (sub)tropical inland waters, finding that emissions are lower than previous estimates. Considerable spatial variation in fluxes arises mainly from differences in hydroclimate, geomorphology, land cover and human disturbance.

Magnetospheric substorms are powerful space weather events with debated onset mechanisms. Here, the authors show that new radio precursors of auroral kilometric radiation coincide with wave-like aurora and reveal Alfvénic processes before substorm onset.

A pooling–deconvolution algorithm identifies cooperative catalyst behaviours with low experimental cost while accommodating potential inhibitory effects between catalyst candidates.

Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for modulators of androgen receptor (AR) protein levels using live-cell quantitative endogenous AR fluorescence reporters identify PTGES3 as a new regulator of AR stability and function in prostate cancer.

Many diseases are caused by single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, the authors present CRISPR base editors that use the base excision machinery for single-base transversions.

Analysis of the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale, reveals an improved ability to repair DNA breaks, mediated by high levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein.   

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) frequency and risk factors vary considerably across regions and ancestries. Here, the authors conduct a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine mapping study of HNSCC subsites in cohorts from multiple continents, finding susceptibility and protective loci, gene-environment interactions, and gene variants related to immune response.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of 2D transistors is considered an important metric to evaluate their performance, but its characterization process is often inconsistent among different studies. Here, the authors propose a standardized scheme to measure and analyze hysteresis in different 2D devices, facilitating systematic comparisons and performance projections.

This work presents a fully implantable wireless optogenetic device that delivers spatiotemporally patterned cortical stimulation through the skull and generates artificial perception in mice.

An analysis of 18 metagenomic datasets of individuals with colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy controls yields improved cancer prediction accuracy based solely on gut metagenomics, as well as the identification of new species associated with the development of cancer.

Low-loss superconducting aluminium cables and on-chip impedance transformers can be used to link qubit modules and create superconducting quantum computing networks with high-fidelity intermodule state transfer.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

The origin and nature of rebound HIV-1 virus following antiretroviral therapy (ART) discontinuation still remains unclear. Here, Liu et al. suggest that intact proviral DNA in peripheral blood and lymph node mononuclear cells during ART suppression likely is the source of viral rebound following ART discontinuation.

Preparation of monocyclic 1,2-azaborines, a unique class of benzene isosteres, has been challenging. Now, an efficient and modular method has been developed to access diverse multi-substituted 1,2-azaborines from readily available cyclopropyl imines/ketones and dibromoboranes. The reaction goes through an unusual ring-opening BN-isostere benzannulation mechanism.

Gravitational wave background offers insights into supermassive black hole binaries. Here, authors refine noise models in pulsar timing data to better understand the nanohertz gravitational wave background and find support to a population of slowly inspiraling binaries in circular orbits as its source.

Conventional PROTACs have limited capacity for misfolded proteins. Here, authors develop a BioPROTAC containing an scFv specifically targeting misfolded SOD1, fused to an E3 ligase, and demonstrate a strategy for reducing misfolded SOD1 accumulation.

Glycolytic enzymes form self-organized traveling waves at the cell membrane/cortex, boosting local ATP production and cell movement. Cancer cells with intense waves rely more on glycolysis for energy, potentially explaining the Warburg effect.

ICeChIP (internally calibrated ChIP) uses spiked-in, defined nucleosomal standards to overcome the pitfalls of traditional ChIP experiments, enabling the measurement of antibody specificity and the absolute measurement of histone modification density at genomic loci.

In a prospective study enrolling 1,222 patients from 22 emergency departments, a device using a machine-learning-based signature of blood mRNAs demonstrated clinically acceptable performance to diagnose bacterial and viral infections and to predict the all-cause need for critical care interventions within 7 days, with benchmark to established biomarkers and risk scores.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.