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Moral-Sanz, Fernández-Carrasco and colleagues identify senolytic properties of sea anemone-derived pore-forming toxins, with selectivity mediated by senescence-associated lipid profiles. An optimized senotoxin improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in mouse models.

This study demonstrates that renewable energy expansion, green hydrogen deployment, and carbon offsetting strategies targeting the European Union’s natural gas reliance can simultaneously advance its climate goals and long-term energy security.

This long-term study in rural Rwanda finds that nearly half of the households in grid-covered communities remain unconnected after electrification, suggesting the need to reconsider the economic case for grid investments in rural areas.

Aviation is a major contributor to climate change. This study assesses the potential of bioenergy crops planted in the US Midwest to meet projected US jet-fuel demand in 2040, finding that planting roughly 23.2 million hectares of marginal land with miscanthus would meet this need.

Global shark and ray populations have declined sharply, driven by expanding fisheries and inequitable gaps in catch, trade and distribution data. This Review assesses global status, highlights drivers of decline, and outlines the regulatory, market-based and conservation actions needed to reduce mortality and reverse shark and ray biodiversity loss.

Accurate modelling of the temporal and spatial impacts of weather on building energy demand is key to the decarbonization of energy systems. Now, Staffell et al. develop an openly available model for calculating hourly heating and cooling demand on a global scale.

Import restrictions on deforestation-linked commodities, like oil crops, could cut land-use emissions but risk emissions leakage globally and economic losses for producers. Direct forest protection may be more effective than import restrictions.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Longitudinal clinical and multi-omics data from 108 healthy individuals are analyzed to identify putative biomarkers and diagnostics of early disease states.

China has introduced a payment-for-ecosytsem-services program called GECP which is focused on pastoral communities in grassland areas. Here, the authors combine remote sensing and household survey data to find small improvement in grassland quality and a significant positive effects on the income of herders.

Power outages have a statistically significant and negative impact on electric vehicle adoption. A doubling of power outages in one year in China can create a decline of more than $ 31.3 million per year in carbon reduction benefits.

A bedside-to-bench analysis identifies single-chain variable fragment linker length as an important component of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) structure and suggests that, in contrast to CD28-based CAR T cells, tonic signaling can be beneficial for 4-1BB-based CAR T cell function.

Topological effects can be emulated using photonic lattices where the length of a waveguide represents time, which is often limited by fabrication constraints. Here, Mukherjee et al. exploit a single-photon detector array enabled state-recycling scheme to increase the accessible time scale.

Hydrogen has been proposed as a fuel for widespread use since the 1970s, but uptake has repeatedly fallen below projections, primarily due to high costs. This Perspective considers hydrogen’s potential in relation to rapidly improving competitor technologies, and outlines steps for prioritising roles for clean hydrogen within the energy transition.

A key strategy for meeting China’s 2060 carbon neutrality goal and the global 1.5 °C climate goal is to rapidly shift away from unabated coal use. Here, the authors detail how to structure a high-ambition, plant-by-plant coal phaseout in China while balancing multiple national needs.

Next-generation sequencing of pooled samples tagged with sample-specific molecular barcodes enables the testing, for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, of thousands of nasal or saliva samples in a single run without the need for RNA extraction.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

Multiomics reveals that almost half of gut microbiome diversity in humans can be explained by 40 blood metabolites.

AgRP neurons regulate feeding behavior by promoting signals of hunger. Here, the authors show that miR-33, represses the activity of AgRP neurons, and selective loss of miR-33 in AgRP neurons promotes obesity and metabolic dysfunction in mice.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Based on the acquisition of a multi-spectral reflection matrix at a high frame rate, a fully digital microscope overcomes aberrations and multiple scattering to provide a three-dimensional image of an ex vivo opaque cornea at a resolution of 0.29 μm and 0.5 μm in the transverse and axial directions, respectively.

Modeling shows that an expanded set of federal and state policies beyond current policies in the US could achieve economy-wide emissions reductions of 56-67% below 2005 levels by 2035.

A genome-wide association study suggests 41 previously unreported loci on top of the 23 known loci that influence the disease risk for lumbar disc herniations. Many of these loci harbour genes implicated in disc structure and inflammation, as well as genes related to the nervous system and nerve function.

Clean development mechanism projects with the largest local co-benefits for achieving the sustainable development goals are valued up to 30% higher by the climate finance market, according to econometric analyses.

Longitudinal multi-omics measurements are highly valuable in studying heterogeneity in health and disease phenotypes. Here, the authors apply Pareto Task Inference to analyze the clinical lab tests of 3094 individuals and find three wellness states, and one aberrant health state defining this cohort.

Metamaterials offer a unique potential to guide the propagation of light. However, existing designs of devices such as invisibility cloaks require a restrictive range of materials parameters for their realization. A new approach to cloak devices now lifts such restrictions allowing for a greater flexibility in device design.

Data collected from more than 2,000 taxa provide an unparalleled opportunity to quantify how extreme wildfires affect biodiversity, revealing that the largest effects on plants and animals were in areas with frequent or recent past fires and within extensively burnt areas.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

Ortega-Molina et al. demonstrate that mouse models with mild, genetic overactivation of mTOR signaling develop chronic myeloid inflammation, causing reduced healthspan and lifespan, without an increase in tumor incidence.

To reduce emissions, countries have committed to nationally determined contributions (NDCs). However, countries are also committed to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and this study looks at the synergies between meeting NDCs and SDGs.

Characterizing how genetic variation impacts cell morphology can provide an important links between disease association and cellular function. Here the authors identified the morphological impacts of genomic variants by generating high-throughput morphological profiling and whole genome sequencing data on iPSCs from 297 donors.

In moiré materials, structural relaxation phenomena can lead to unexpected and novel material properties. Here, the authors characterize an unconventional non-local relaxation process in twisted double trilayer graphene, in which an energy gain in one domain of the moiré lattice is paid for by a relaxation that occurs in the other.

DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) is typically altered in age-related diseases. Here, the authors show that 5hmC accumulates in gene bodies, partially due to prolonged quiescence, and restricts the magnitude of transcriptional changes with age.

An estimated AU$583 billion per year cost of in situ recovery of terrestrial and freshwater species in Australia, including through habitat restoration and retention and management of invasive species, is not an expected conservation budget, but exemplifies the severe cost of nature declines.

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is one of the most common reasons for corneal transplantation, and is known to cluster in families. Here, the authors discover new genetic loci associated with FECD with sex-specific effects and implications for disease mechanism.

A generalized trait-based model is derived to predict plant growth and hence the flux of carbon within and across plants. The model provides a theoretical basis for the merging of metabolic scaling theory with recent work on functional trait spectra, in turn helping to understand the integration of functional traits within plant phenotypes.

Assessments of emissions mitigation patterns have largely ignored differences in investment risk across technologies and regions. With a model accounting for such differences in the electricity generation sector, research now finds that mitigation costs are higher than with no risk variation, and highlights the importance of institutional reforms to lower investment risks.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

The Omicron variant evades vaccine-induced neutralization but also fails to form syncytia, shows reduced replication in human lung cells and preferentially uses a TMPRSS2-independent cell entry pathway, which may contribute to enhanced replication in cells of the upper airway. Altered fusion and cell entry characteristics are linked to distinct regions of the Omicron spike protein.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Advances in magnetic resonance imaging are helping scientists learn more about the structure and function of the brain. Nathan Blow looks at how far the technology has developed and where it could go.

Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown as an effective intervention to reduce tumorigenesis, but alternative less stringent dietary interventions have also been considered. Here, the authors show that in a murine model of breast cancer CR has a larger effect on preventing tumorigenesis and metastasis compared to periodic caloric cycling.