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The impact of climate change on phosphorus (P) loss from land to water is unclear. Here, the authors use P flux data, climate simulations and P transfer models to show that only large scale agricultural change will limit the effect of climate change on average winter P loads in three catchments across the UK.

In a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with acute coronary syndrome and high levels of the inflammation biomarker C-reactive protein, treatment with low-dose interleukin-2 increased the numbers of regulatory T cells and reduced arterial inflammation, compared to placebo.

In vivo gene editing hinges on identifying an ideal delivery vehicle from numerous candidates. Here, authors establish the GFP-on mouse model capable of translating successful adenine base editing to a fluorescent readout thus enabling the rapid evaluation of genome editing delivery vehicles.

The authors analyze rare coding variants in 1990 individuals with congenital kidney anomalies, finding diagnostic variants in 14.1% of cases. They identify two new causal genes, ARID3A and NR6A1, along with 38 candidate genes, providing evidence for shared genetics with other developmental disorders.

An in vivo base editing approach targeting the PRNP gene led to a 52% increase in the lifespan of mouse models inoculated with the most common sporadic and genetic types of human pathogenic prion isolate.

A study details the results of the PARTNER trial, a prospective, randomized controlled trial of the use of neoadjuvant olaparib with carboplatin–paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer who were germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 wild type.

Here, the authors show that base editing of CD33 and gamma globin genes in HSPCs results in the long-term engraftment of dual edited cells along with HbF reactivation and GO resistance in mice and nonhuman primates.

Assessment of the health risks of exposure to anthropogenic nanomaterials is crucial to maximize their potential applications. This double-blind, randomized controlled study in healthy humans evaluates the impact of inhalation of graphene oxide nanosheets on acute pulmonary and cardiovascular functions.

A custom adenine base editor can edit the variant of the β-globin gene that causes sickle cell disease into a non-pathogenic variant in human and mouse cells, and transplantation of the edited cells rescues sickle cell disease in mice.

In a mouse model of progeria, an adenine base editor delivered with adeno-associated virus corrects the pathogenic mutation in LMNA, rescues vascular pathology and markedly extends the lifespan of the mice.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

Integrating methods that assess allele-specific regulatory activity and chromatin accessibility in T cells identifies putative causal variants for five autoimmune diseases.

Improved cytosine base editors are generated by phage-assisted evolution of a deoxyadenosine deaminase.

PAM sequences without G bases can be edited with SpCas9 variants that were continuously evolved in the laboratory.

Gene editing strategies for cystic fibrosis are challenging. Here the authors improve on their previously reported shuttle peptide noncovalently combined with Cas ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and derive the S315 peptide for delivery: they show base editing in the respiratory tract of the rhesus macaques.

Stabilizing pegRNAs with 3′ RNA structures increases prime editing efficiency.

Cas9 base editors are promising tools for correcting pathogenic single nucleotide mutations. Here the authors chemically modify mRNA encoding the editor and the gRNA to enhance editing and broaden its application.

Sensor histidine kinases (SHK) consist of sensor, linker and kinase modules and different models for SHK signal transduction have been proposed. Here the authors present nano- to millisecond time-resolved X-ray scattering measurements, which reveal a structural mechanism for kinase domain activation in SHK.

Porous solids are well suited to the capture of environmentally harmful gases, but further understanding of the solid–gas interactions involved is required. Combining dynamic and static characterization with modelling, researchers have now described how a metal–organic framework binds CO₂ and SO₂ selectively through hydroxyl groups — rather than amine ones as typically featured.

Atherosclerotic plaques with macrocalcification are stable, whereas microcalcification is a key feature of rupture-prone plaques. Here the authors show that¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT imaging can distinguish between macro- and microcalcification providing a potential, non-invasive imaging technique to identify patients with high-risk atheroma.

Animal diversification coincided with increasing oxygenation of the Baltoscandian continental shelf from the Early to Middle Ordovician, according to iodine and calcium records.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Genome-wide and multitrait analyses identify novel loci associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and relevant left ventricular traits. Gene-level burden analyses show that rare truncating SVIL variants are associated with high risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The role of the post-translational modifications in tissue regeneration is still not clearly understood. Here, the authors show that many nuclear proteins change S-nitrosylation state in the regenerating zebrafish tailfin, highlighting the importance of Kdm1a S-nitrosylation in the repair process.

Directed evolution creates new compact Cas9 variants that target most single pyrimidine nucleotide PAMs.

A clinical decision support system for diagnosis of myocardial infarction, based on machine learning models that use a single measurement of high-sensitivity troponin, outperforms clinical guidelines that use fixed cardiac troponin thresholds for diagnosis.

Ultrafast control of materials draws interest. Here, the authors extend X-ray powder diffraction to the femtosecond timescale to follow the photo-induced semiconductor to metal transition in titanium pentaoxide, observing a phase front that moves at the speed of sound and proposing a little explored mechanism.

Single barium atoms trapped in a solid xenon matrix can be imaged and counted by scanning with a focused laser, providing a possible tagging technique for the neutrinoless-double-β-decay experiment nEXO.

Genome-wide association analyses identify 12 susceptibility loci for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). A genetic risk score for HCM was associated with disease status in a validation study and influenced phenotypic severity in carriers of risk variants in sarcomere genes.