Diabetes and obesity are associated with pathway-selective insulin resistance in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and CBL E3 ubiquitin protein ligase–(CBL)/CBL E3 ubiquitin protein ligase associated protein (CAP) signaling pathways, while insulin signaling via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is comparatively unaffected, tipping the balance of insulin's actions so that they favor abnormal vasoreactivity, angiogenesis, and other pathways implicated in the development and progression of microvascular disease.
- Per-Henrik Groop
- Carol Forsblom
- Merlin C Thomas
