The Southern Ocean has central roles in carbon dioxide exchange between the oceans and the atmosphere, and in nutrient supply to the rest of the world's oceans — but these are physically separated due to the nature of ocean circulation, creating a biogeochemical divide. The area south of the divide has the most important influence on carbon dioxide exchange with the atmosphere; while the area to the north has the most significant effect on global oceanic productivity.
- I. Marinov
- A. Gnanadesikan
- J. L. Sarmiento
