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Groundwater, enhanced through managed aquifer recharge, is crucial for alleviating water stress. This study demonstrates that isotopic tracers, including tritium from nuclear power plant effluents, can be used to map groundwater flow in Swiss alluvial systems, revealing insights into groundwater travel time distributions and informing sustainable groundwater management globally.

The pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has devastated amphibian biodiversity, and methods to reverse these impacts are lacking. This study shows that frogs collected from recovering populations and reintroduced to vacant habitats can reestablish populations despite the presence of Bd.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Analyses of satellite observations from 1986 to 2021 suggest that the Antarctic Peninsula is greening at an accelerated rate.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Previous studies argued that nascent polypeptide chains can form secondary structure in the ribosome exit tunnel despite spatial constraints. Using single-particle cryo-EM reconstructions of eukaryotic ribosomes carrying nascent chains with high helical propensity, density consistent with helix formation is now observed in the exit tunnel as are interactions with tunnel proteins.

While present in palaeoclimate records, the drivers behind 20-year climate variability are poorly understood. Here, using climate simulations and in situand palaeo data, the authors present a possible link between volcanic eruptions, Great Salinity Anomalies and the Atlantic overturning circulation.

Generalized additive models reveal an unexpected environmental control in shrub growth across biomes.

Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.

Analysis of bedrock elastic deformation using high-resolution observations from 22 Greenland GNSS Network stations shows that the Greenland ice sheet buffers enough summer meltwater englacially to cause subsidence of about 5 mm during the melt season.

It is important to understand the enzymatic degradation of wood biomass by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, however, disagreements about the co-substrate exist. Here, the authors use piezo-controlled hydrogen peroxide micro-sensors to demonstrate that even low levels of hydrogen peroxide support the enzymatic degradation of wood cell walls.

The interaction between seasonally-induced non-tectonic and tectonic deformation along the Himalayan plate boundary is still debated. Here, the authors propose that seasonal hydrological loading can influence tectonic deformation along this plate boundary using continuous GPS measurements and satellite data.

Sarcomas are a group of mesenchymal malignancies which are molecularly heterogeneous. Here, the authors develop an in vivo muscle electroporation system for gene delivery to generate distinct subtypes of orthotopic genetically engineered mouse models of sarcoma, as well as syngeneic allograft models with scalability for preclinical assessment of therapeutics.

The authors document unexpectedly high levels of biodiversity in algal habitats between the coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef.

A study of patients with COVID-19 and healthy donors found CD4⁺ T cells that react to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronaviruses; however, the effect of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells on clinical outcomes remains to be determined.

Climate change is expected to alter ocean ecology, and to potentially impact the ecosystem services provided to humankind. Here, the authors address how rapidly multiple factors that affect marine ecosystems are likely to develop in the future ocean and the remedial effects climate mitigation might have.

The epigenetic and transcriptional roles of Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fusion oncoproteins in driving pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be explored. Here, the authors identify a core set of genes regulated by NUP98::KDM5A and suggest CDK12 as a potential therapeutic vulnerability.

Studying the reactivity of ribozymes under extreme pressure could provide insights to optimize biocatalytic RNA design. Here, the authors show that at high pressure the transesterification step of the hairpin ribozyme self-cleavage reaction accelerates, while the overall process is slower.

Many inland waters seasonally or permanently dry up, thus exposing sediments to the atmosphere. Here the authors show that a substantial amount of CO₂ is emitted from these dry sediments, increasing current inland water carbon flux estimates by 6%.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

This study relates 88,000 elevation range sizes of vascular plants in 44 mountains to short-term and long-term temperature variation. The authors finding of decreasing elevation range sizes with greater diurnal temperature range supports a novel biodiversity hypothesis and indicates increased extinction risk of continental species.

Human-caused groundwater depletion in California’s San Joaquin Valley contributes to uplift of the surrounding mountains and may affect the stability of the San Andreas Fault.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

The identification of molecular biomarkers in cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) cases may enable the improvement of prognosis in these patients. Here, the authors integrate whole genome/exome, transcriptome and methylome data in 70 CUP patients, recommend therapies based on their analysis and report clinical outcome data.

Malaria drug development remains an important public health goal, especially in light of the emergence of drug resistance. Here a new class of malaria drugs is presented: an acridone derivative containing a chemosensitizing domain that may prevent the occurrence of parasite drug resistance.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial regulators of cell identity. Ellmeier and colleagues show that HDAC1 and HDAC2 maintain CD4⁺ T cell lineage integrity by repressing Runx-CBFβ complexes in T_H1 cells but not in T_H2 cells.

The cholesterol-transfer protein GRAMD1A is identified as the target of the autophagy inhibitors autogramin-1 and autogramin-2. GRAMD1A is found to be required for autophagosome biogenesis.

Fanconi anaemia is an inherited disorder characterised by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure and predisposition to cancer. Here the authors report a de novo mutation in the DNA repair gene Rad51in an atypical subtype of Fanconi anaemia.

Streptavidin crystals grown on mica-supported lipid bilayers can be used as a platform to tune the lateral mobility of transmembrane proteins, allowing the conformation or docking of spatially confined proteins to be imaged with high-speed atomic force microscopy.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.