Micro-/nano-robots (MNRs) hold potential for minimally invasive targeted therapies through blood vessels, but clinical use is hindered by challenges such as overcoming blood flow. This study proposes a dynamic model for general MNRs without structural limitations, validated through simulations and experiments, to facilitate their design, optimization, and control.
- Ningning Hu
- Lujia Ding
- Ruixue Yin
