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The authors determine the synaptic wiring diagram of a vertebrate circuit and reveal behaviorally associated modules. A model based on this connectome predicts neural coding and dynamics that are verified with calcium imaging data.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

A large empirical assessment of sequence-resolved structural variants from 14,891 genomes across diverse global populations in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) provides a reference map for disease-association studies, population genetics, and diagnostic screening.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Aerobic oxidation of isolable organonickel complexes enables reliable cross-coupling of aryl electrophiles with oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur- and phosphorus-based nucleophiles. Organonickel complexes are electroreductively prepared from simple aryl electrophiles and inexpensive metal complexes, and the chemistry can be applied in high-throughput coupling reactions of medicinally relevant substrates.

Raman and fluorescence spectra, consistent with several species of aromatic organic molecules, are reported in the Crater Floor sequences of Jezero crater, Mars, suggesting multiple mechanisms of organic synthesis, transport, or preservation.

A genomic constraint map for the human genome constructed using data from 76,156 human genomes from the Genome Aggregation Database shows that non-coding constrained regions are enriched for regulatory elements and variants associated with complex diseases and traits.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

During a photoinduced phase transition, electronic rearrangements are usually faster than lattice ones. Time-resolved measurements now show that the insulator-to-metal transition in a thin-film Mott insulator is preceded by lattice reconfiguration.

In the allohexaploid genome of wheat, meiotic recombination between homoeologues is suppressed through the action of several loci. Here, the authors report the cloning of the long sought-after gene Ph2 and show its function in reduction of homoeologous recombination.

High-resolution STM/STS visualizes the fractionalization of flat moiré bands into discrete Hofstadter subbands in moiré graphene near the predicted second magic angle, and experimentally establishes several fundamental properties of the fractal Hofstadter energy spectrum.

Biller et al. use long-read sequencing of fractionated ocean nanoparticles, showing that extracellular vesicles and virus-like particles contain distinct pools of genetic information and thus may differentially contribute to horizontal gene transfer dynamics in the ocean.

A survey of sharks and rays on coral reefs within 66 marine protected areas across 36 countries showcases that the conservation benefits of full MPA protection to sharks almost double when accompanied by effective fisheries management.

In this study, Aggarwal and colleagues perform prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge. They identify important factors that contributed to within university transmission and onward spread into the wider community.

Ozren Bogdanović, Ryan Lister, José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta, Michiel Vermeulen and colleagues report widespread DNA demethylation at developmental enhancers during the phylotypic period in zebrafish, Xenopus and mouse embryos. Their findings suggest a conserved role for Tet proteins and active DNA demethylation in the regulation of phylotypic enhancers.

Energy consumption and compute density are challenges for computing systems. Here researchers show an optical computing architecture using micrometre-scale VCSEL transmitter arrays enabling 7 fJ energy per operation and a potential compute density of 6 tera-operations mm⁻² s⁻¹.

Spatial orientation of cells in an interconnected network is lost in high-throughput single-cell epigenomic assays. Here the authors present sciMAP-ATAC to produce spatially resolved single-cell ATAC-seq data.

Two-terminal memory elements hold promise to store and process information via history-dependent material configurations at low-energy cost. Here, Najem et al. show a voltage-controlled capacitive memory due to reversible geometrical changes in a lipid bilayer capable of learning via synapse-like plasticity.

Genetic and testing data from England show that the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages.

Multi-ancestry meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for self-reported physical activity during leisure time, leisure screen time, sedentary commuting and sedentary behavior at work identify 99 loci associated with at least one of these traits.

Post-international travel quarantine has been widely implemented to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the impacts of such policies are unclear. Here, the authors used linked genomic and contact tracing data to assess the impacts of a 14-day quarantine on return to England in summer 2020.

A randomized controlled trial of a nurse-led 911 triage programme in Washington, DC, by Wilson et al. finds that the programme improves the use of ambulance services and helps connect non-emergency callers with primary care.

Using a graphene quantum dot creation and a wavefunction mapping technique, quantum scars are directly visualized for Dirac electrons with a scanning tunnelling microscope.

T cell responses can be generated to either pathogen infection or from priming with a vaccine. Here the authors compare T cell generation, phenotype and single cell transcriptome of participants vaccinated with a mpox vaccine or infected with the virus showing that the virus induced T cells showed more effective function and phenotype.

Coexistence of a spin-glass phase with antiferromagnetism in an intercalated crystal produces a large exchange bias effect. This is due to the interplay of disorder and frustration.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

Stretchable electrodes provide the foundation for many applications but optimising the architecture to balance performance and flexibility is challenging. Here, the authors show that fractal designs offer new opportunities to tune the mechanical properties of such structures.

An innovative method using superconducting sensors precisely measures the recoil energy of lithium-7 nuclei, setting a lower limit on the spatial extent of neutrino wavepackets, advancing understanding of neutrino properties and weak nuclear decays.

We report the observation of narrowband terahertz emission from a quasi-one-dimensional charge-density-wave insulator, (TaSe₄)₂I. The origin of the emitted radiation is interpreted as a phason that obtains mass due to the long-range Coulomb interaction.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful emerging tool for mapping the spatial distribution of biomolecules across tissue surfaces. Here the authors showcase an automated technology for deep proteome imaging that utilizes ultrasensitive microfluidics and a mass spectrometry workflow to analyze tissue voxels, generating quantitative cell-type-specific images.

High-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy is used to observe the quantum textures of the many-body wavefunctions of the correlated insulating, pseudogap and superconducting phases in magic-angle graphene.

Calving of an outlet glacier in Greenland is consistently preceded by distinctive flow patterns in the mélange of sea ice and icebergs in front of the terminus, according to terrestrial radar observations and particle dynamic modelling of the Jakobshavn Isbræ system.

Memory loss is a known result of cholinergic dysfunction, yet the neural basis for this effect remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the way cholinergic blockade disrupts memory is by impairing the amplitude and timing of theta oscillations.

This study describes the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression; the results annotate candidate regulatory elements in diverse tissues and cell types, their candidate regulators, and the set of human traits for which they show genetic variant enrichment, providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene reveals flat-band replicas that are indicative of strong electron–phonon coupling; these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene.

Detection of circulating tumor DNA using MRD-EDGE, a machine-learning-guided single-nucleotide variant and copy-number variant detection platform for signal enrichment, enables monitoring of minimal residual disease and immunotherapy response in settings of low tumor burden.

Safely opening university campuses has been a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors describe a program of public health measures employed at a university in the United States which, combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions, allowed the university to stay open in fall 2020 with limited evidence of transmission.

The electrons that contribute to the Mott insulator state in single-layer 1T-TaSe2 are shown to also have a rich variation in their orbital occupation. As more layers are added, both the insulating state and orbital texture weaken.

The genomic organization and origin of the avenacin biosynthetic gene cluster remain unknown. Here, the authors assemble the genome of diploid oat Avena strigosa, reveal the structure and organization of the consecutive genes, characterize the last two missing pathway steps, and investigate the origin of the pathway in cereals.

The Weyl semimetal Co\(_{3}\)Sn\(_{2}\)S\(_{2}\) exhibits a combination of magnetic ordering with a large anomalous Hall effect. Lachman et al. find an intrinsic exchange bias of this anomalous Hall effect and attribute it to the coexistence of ferromagnetism and spin glass behaviour.

A possible kilonova associated with a nearby, long-duration gamma-ray burst suggests that gamma-ray bursts with long and complex light curves can be spawned from the merger of two compact objects, contrary to the established gamma-ray burst paradigm.

Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on being able to distinguish COVID-19 immune responses from cross-reactive immune responses to other coronaviruses. Here the authors show that choice of antigens and whether an ICS, ELISPOT or T cell proliferation assay is used has a major effect on this discriminatory ability.

Fishing has had a profound impact on global reef shark populations, and the absence or presence of sharks is strongly correlated with national socio-economic conditions and reef governance.

Body-scale epidermal electronic interfaces for electrophysiological recordings enable the control of a transhumeral prosthesis, long-term electroencephalography, and simultaneous electroencephalography and structural and functional MRI.

The authors show that an out-of-plane antidamping spin–orbit torque can produce a sizeable change in the switching dynamics of a magnetic layer with perpendicular anisotropy.

Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is essential to human health. Here, the authors identify and characterize a primate-specific long noncoding RNA, called CHROME, that controls cholesterol homeostasis through fine-tuning of miRNAs and whose levels are elevated in human atherosclerosis.