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A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

A connectome of the right optic lobe from a male fruitfly is presented together with an extensive collection of genetic drivers matched to a comprehensive neuron-type catalogue.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Massively parallel reporter assay in primary human CD4⁺ T cells and bulk and single-cell CRISPR-interference screens identify candidate causal variants linked to autoimmune disease risk that modulate T cell gene expression and proliferation.

Extensive oxidative potential measurements from across Europe analysed with the two most common assays, dithiothreitol and ascorbic acid, using a standardized protocol show the strong influence of site type and suggest pathways for mitigation strategies.

Living plant collections hold an immense wealth of plant diversity and have critical educational, scientific and conservation roles. This Perspective examines current data management practices of living collections and advocates for higher data standards and a robust and inclusive global data ecosystem.

Here, the authors reveal that the ATP-dependent unfoldase ClpX is a key driver of fluconazole resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans, and show that targeting ClpX restores drug susceptibility, offering a potential therapeutic strategy to reverse antifungal resistance and to render current drugs effective.

Avocado fatty alcohols/acetates (AFAs) are effective against parasitic nematodes, including drug resistant strains, and show safety in mammalian cells. AFAs target lipid metabolism, offering the potential for new anthelmintic treatment pathways.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Above-bandgap femtosecond laser pulses generate a coherent phonon flatband in a GaAs/AlAs superlattice captured using ultrafast X-ray diffraction, providing a way to control atomic vibrations for future electronic and quantum technologies.

Perturbed B cell responses have been associated with Crohn’s disease. Here, the authors sequence the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with Crohn’s disease and identify shared B cell clones, thus implicating the presence of common Crohn’s disease-associated antigens driving a pathogenic B cell response.

Current widely used viral and electroporation methods for creating therapeutic cell-based products are complex and expensive. Here, the authors develop targeted mRNA nanocarriers that can transiently program gene expression by simply mixing them with cells, to improve their therapeutic potential.

Using SCN2A haploinsufficiency as a proof-of-concept, upregulation of the existing functional gene copy through CRISPR activation was able to rescue neurological-associated phenotypes in Scn2a haploinsufficient mice and human neurons.

Engineered biomaterials boost the efficacy of cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies.

This flagship study from the European Solve-Rare Diseases Consortium presents a diagnostic framework including bioinformatic analysis of clinical, pedigree and genomic data coupled with expert panel review, leading to 500 new diagnoses in a cohort of 6,000 families with suspected rare diseases.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

Antigen escape relapse remains a major obstacle when treating B-cell malignancies with immunotherapies. Here, the authors show that IKAROS regulates the surface expression of CD19 and CD22, revealing a mechanism by which B-cell cancers evade targeted immunotherapies.

Bharathan et al. discover that the endoplasmic reticulum associates with keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomal cell–cell junctions, and that desmosomes and the keratin cytoskeleton regulate the distribution, dynamics and function of the endoplasmic reticulum network.

Spectroscopic measurements confirm that when water is adsorbed on drops of an alkali alloy at low pressure a gold-coloured metallic layer forms as electrons rapidly move from the drop into the water.

Aluminium alloys can naturally age and form microstructural clusters that affect their mechanical properties. Here, the authors show that nanosized samples do not under undergo natural aging because diffusion-controlled clustering processes are inhibited.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

A Middle Triassic diapsid is presented that has a distinctive crest consisting of integumentary appendages that are structurally distinct from avemetatarsalian feathers.

Photoionization of atoms and molecules is a complex process and requires sensitive probes to explore the ultrafast dynamics. Here the authors combine transient absorption and photo-ion spectroscopy methods to explore and control the attosecond pulse initiated excitation, ionization and Auger decay in Kr atoms.

Artificial intelligence (AI) system is known to improve dermatologists’ diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. This group applies the eye-tracking technology on dermatologists when diagnosing dermoscopic images of melanomas and reports improved balanced diagnostic accuracy when using an X(explainable) AI system comparing to the standard one.

The regulation of tumor inflammation is incompletely understood and the role of B cells is unclear. Here, the authors show that a specific subtype of B cells is induced in melanoma and required to recruit T lymphocytes and elicit inflammation.

Here, Libertini and colleagues devise a computation tool that can analyze whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data to recover of ∼30% of the lost differential methylation position information. They use COMETgazer and COMETvintage to analyze 13 diffferent methylome data to demonstrate their performance.

Most genomics research cohorts are made up of participants of European ancestry, which limits the reach of precision medicine. Here, the authors describe the genetic diversity in the All of Us research program, which is enriched in underrepresented ancestries.

Human gut bacteria bioaccumulate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly known as forever chemicals, in intracellular aggregates. Colonization of gnotobiotic mice with bioaccumulating bacteria increases faecal PFAS excretion.

Achieving mitigation from forests aligned with #NDCs requires $20–72 billion annually by 2030. Global coordination could double mitigation with the same level of finance, revealing major efficiency gains and informing next generation climate targets.

A genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI) detects 97 BMI-associated loci, of which 56 were novel, and many loci have effects on other metabolic phenotypes; pathway analyses implicate the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and new pathways such as those related to synaptic function, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Closely related plant species can have drastically different abundances of transposable elements. Now it is shown that the genome of Arabis alpina has experienced a striking expansion of retrotransposons, probably shaped by reduced DNA methylation.

Graphene possesses a nonlinear optical response arising from its electronic dispersion. Here, the authors measure the response of graphene to an ultrafast optical field and provide an explanation of the quantum dynamics of Dirac carriers mediating the material’s nonlinear response.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing, potentially implicating non-genetic factors. Here the authors conduct an epigenome-wide association study in disease-discordant twins and find increased DNA methylation variability at genes associated with immune cell metabolism and the cell cycle.

Timothy Frayling, Joel Hirschhorn, Peter Visscher and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for adult height in 253,288 individuals. They identify 697 variants in 423 loci significantly associated with adult height and find that these variants cluster in pathways involved in growth and together explain one-fifth of the heritability for this trait.

This study establishes how aperiodic activity, a ubiquitous signal linked to neural noise, develops in localized brain regions and illuminates the development of prefrontal control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Application of a nanopore sequencing workflow for real-time analysis of brain tumors results in molecular classification within a 30-minute intraoperative window, followed by comprehensive profiling within 24 hours.

Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) are defined as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) confined to the CNS. Here, the authors complete whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq to characterize 51 PCNSLs, and find common mutations in immune pathways and upregulated TERT expression and find distinct pathway differences between DLBCL and other primary CNS lymphomas.