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Relativistic jets launched from stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in our galaxy have been observed in less relativistic regime than those seen in the extra-galactic supermassive BHs named active galactic nucleus (AGN). Here, the authors show two relativistic jets from galactic BH X-ray binary 4U 1543−47, which are comparable to those seen in AGN.

‘Populations residing near nuclear power plants may experience low-level chronic exposure to ionizing radiation through environmental release pathways. In here the authors find higher cancer mortality rates in U.S. counties closer to operational nuclear power plants, with the strongest relative risks observed in older adults.’

An 18-year high-resolution radio image dataset of Cygnus X-1 has revealed that its radio jets are bent by the stellar wind. Modelling of jet–wind interactions strongly supports the standard assumptions of an accreting black hole in cosmological simulations.

Here proteomic chromatome analysis shows metabolic enzymes widely localize to chromatin in cancer in a tissue-specific manner. Nuclear enzymes affect DNA damage/repair and transcription, revealing non-canonical nuclear metabolic roles in cancer.

Women of reproductive age may have specific concerns relating to perceived impacts on fertility and menstrual cycles that make them hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination. In this study, the authors explore COVID-19 vaccine uptake rates in women of reproductive age using linked data for ~13 million women in England.

A method involving class-associated manifold learning allows the logic underlying black-box medical AI models to be intuitively explained to accurately clarify the behaviour of medical AI models and improve medical knowledge discovery.

XRISM spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy indicates elemental abundances suggestive of a dominant enrichment from core-collapse supernovae with progenitors below 20 solar masses; more massive stars may directly collapse into black holes.

Ageing impairs strategic re-aiming but enhances implicit recalibration during sensorimotor learning. The strategic deficit probably reflects reduced memory caching, whereas the implicit enhancement is linked to altered multisensory integration.

Predicting progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer remains challenging. Here, deep whole genome sequencing of DCIS samples highlights possibilities for personalized medicine and identifies genomic sites, termed SHOREs, that may initiate structural variations leading to subsequent evolution.

Indoor air surveillance could be used to track respiratory pathogen transmission but has not been extensively validated at the community scale. Here, the authors monitor four respiratory pathogens at ten sites across two respiratory virus seasons in Chicago, USA and compare to trends in wastewater and clinical data.

The radiative impact of microplastic and nanoplastic particles in the atmosphere is not well understood. Here the authors quantify their radiative forcing, finding that they can exceed that of black carbon regionally.

This study demonstrates that the fastest astrophysical jets are locked to a fixed axis, whereas slower jets can precess or wobble. The findings imply that the most relativistic jets are tied to the spin axis of the black hole that launched them.

In the hippocampus, complex processing of sensory stimuli occurs even in the unconscious state.

How magnetic impurities influence superconductivity and electronic order in kagome metals remains unclear. Now anisotropic Kondo resonances intertwined with the superconducting gap are observed in a magnetically doped kagome superconductor.

Quantum twisting microscopy is used to directly image the interacting energy bands of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, allowing characterization of the dual nature of its electrons at the magic angle.

Combining connectomics, physiology and behavior, this study shows how the cerebellum decides when to learn. Synchronized climbing-fiber error signals lift an inhibitory signal gate on Purkinje cells, enabling synaptic plasticity and motor adaptation.

Despite the significance of nicotine, a neuroactive alkaloid produced by tobacco, its biosynthesis has remained elusive. Here, the authors report the in vitro and in planta reconstruction of a four-enzyme stereoselective biocatalytic cascade that forms (S)-nicotine from nicotinic acid and N-methylpyrrolinium.

Interfacial solvation structures are key to stable fast charging in Si anodes. Qiao and colleagues show that S-vacancy-driven anion-reduction catalysis regulates these structures to form a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase, enabling ultrafast charging and long cycle life.

Here, the authors elucidate TMPRSS2 protease recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S₂′ cleavage site, revealing the molecular basis of activation of membrane fusion, and show that antibodies recognizing the S₂′ site or TMPRSS2 block viral entry by interfering with TMPRSS2 access.

This study presents a pooled CRISPRi screening approach in Candida albicans to investigate essential genes at scale, revealing environment- and strain-dependent gene sensitivities and conserved vulnerabilities relevant to antifungal drug discovery.

Augustine et al. present a multimodal graph neural network that identifies cancer immunotherapy targets. It distinguishes approved and prospective targets, and promising candidates are validated using a clinically relevant patient-derived platform.

Using a chip-based dual microresonator-soliton source with a high-speed photodetector, the authors demonstrate a CMOS-compatible generator of tunable millimetre-wave signals with low phase noise.

Short-lived halogens have a substantial indirect cooling effect on climate and this cooling effect has increased since pre-industrial times owing to anthropogenic amplification of natural halogen emissions.

How angular momentum is exchanged and conserved among lattice modes has been difficult to measure experimentally, but has now been observed via a coherent three-phonon scattering process in a topological insulator.

Biogenic–anthropogenic interactions increase the formation and prevalence of secondary organic aerosol coatings on urban black carbon in Nanjing, China. These coatings amplify radiative effects, according to a model–data analysis for 2023.

A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

SpecGP enhances fragment ion coverage to enable the prediction of N-glycopeptide structural spectra across diverse collision energies, thereby improving isomer discrimination and boosting identification confidence through rescoring.

In a prospective cohort of 166 participants (and in a 63-participant validation cohort), dermal α-synuclein and 4-repeat tau seed amplification, combined with serum neurofilament light chain assays, were able to identify parkinsonian syndromes.

Using four decades of satellite data, the study finds that US tidal wetland loss is accelerating despite decades of protection policies. Sea-level rise drives most net loss, while extreme events increasingly contribute to faster rates of decline.

Saccadic eye movements during free viewing exhibit patterns that reflect a strategy to increase neural responses by matching motor behavior with the statistics of the natural world and with the processing limitations of sensory systems.

Molecular precursors containing V, Bi and Zn are thermally transformed into oxide materials. Detailed studies reveal and characterise the formation of amorphous intermediates, a new kinetic polymorph of BiVO₄, and incorporation of Zn dopants.

The highest-quality JWST spectra reveal that little red dots are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense cocoons of ionized gas, where electron scattering, not Doppler motions, broadens their spectral lines.

Subglacial meltwater flushed methane from the gas hydrate stability zone and released it into seawater during Greenland Ice Sheet retreat across the continental shelf in the last deglaciation, according to ocean drilling, seismic data and modelling.

Integration of data representing 35,120 brain scans from diverse global studies enables construction of reference charts that define normative microstructural and macrostructural properties across the human lifespan for research and clinical diagnosis.

This Commission aims to resolve the current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community by drawing on empirical evidence, systems thinking and multidisciplinary expertise to generate policy goals and recommendations.

This study challenges the paradigm that resistance mutations precede fitness compensatory adaptations, showing that pre-existing alterations in mycobacterial oxidative stress responses can prime rapid evolution of resistance without fitness costs.

A twenty-first century fire is shown to be the first to have affected a high-elevation region in the central African mountains in the past 12,000 years, and previous burning at mid-elevations highlights the potential role of humans in transforming Afromontane ecosystems.

Autophagic activity has a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease in mice. Here the authors investigate the role of autophagy-initiating protein ULK1 and report that its overexpression stimulates autophagic flux, reduces amyloid and tau pathology and delays cognitive decline.